vnf i Die -fiXK &l'J. \$$w$"^ WmM m :S US .$#] i*ij>£ ■'./,•; '""i-M ■ : i^te- *mim SHSwS t j>. a£$5$s fefl KP BETTER FRUIT Volume XII JULY, 1917 Number 1 TWELFTH ANNIVERSARY EDITION OF BETTER FRUIT e & Not Overproduction of Apples But Lack of Distribution The leading article in this edition, by E. H. Shepard, Editor, show - ing there are 35,085 towns in the United States, of which 611 have been sold Northwestern apples in carlots direct, or only 1ttt% — me most important facts that have ever been presented to the apple growers of the Northwest. BETTER FRUIT has been a pioneer, an originator, creator and developer. Better Fruit was the first big factor in standardizing and improv- ing the pack of the Northwest. Better Fruit was among the first to advocate advertising the apple. Better Fruit was a pioneer in advocating serving apples as dessert for breakfast, luncheon and dinner. Better Fruit was a pioneer in advocating fruit product factories, cider plants, vinegar plants, evaporators, driers and canneries. Better Fruit was the first publication to call the attention of the fruit growers to the fact that exorbitant retail prices of apples were holding up consumption. Better Fruit has been a pioneer in advocating every method for improvement and progress that has been adopted in the Northwest. The Editor has put in eleven years of the hardest work of his life in helping the fruit growers of the Northwest to develop and improve their industry^ and better their condition. Better Fruit will continue the good work, helping the fruit grower to fhejfullest extent in every possible way. Please show your appreciation by sending in your subscription and advising your neighbors to subscribe. «3^C£X£X^£^ BETTEK FEUIT PU BLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHEBS, HOOD BIVEB, OREGON Subscription $1.00 per Year in the United States; Canada and Foreign, Including Postage, $1.50. Single Copy 10 Cents This Rugged Car Has Twice the Needed Strength John W. Bate, in the past three 3 ? ears, has doubled our margins of safety. Now every important part in Mitchells has 100 per cent over-strength. This means better steel. It means larger parts. In these times it means much added cost. But it also means a lifetime car. It means a safe, economical car. A car which has proved that it can run 200,000 miles. That means 40 years of ordinary service. Millions in Extras There are also 31 features in Mitchells which nearly all cars omit. Things like a power tire pump, for instance. There is 24 per cent greater luxury than in any other car in its class. These extras will cost us on this year's output about $4,000,000. That is, for this over-strength, these extra features and this added beauty. All Free to You But all this added value costs you no extra price. Note that Mitchell prices, for either size, are below most fine-car prices. We save in our factory cost. This mam- Mitchell — a roomy, 7-passenger Six, with 127-inch wheelbase and a highly developed 48-horse* power motor. $1460 F. O. B. Racine moth plant has been built and equipped to produce this one type economically. John W. Bate, the efficiency expert, has cut our factory cost in two. Even the Mitchell bodies are built here, under these up-to-date methods. That saving pays for these extras. We save all waste, and spend that saving on a superlative car. Please see that car. See how it differs from other cars you know. Note its many unique attractions. You should know these things before you buy a car. If you do not know the nearest Mitchell dealer, ask us for his name. MITCHELL MOTORS COMPANY, Inc. Racine, Wis., U. S. A. Mitchell Junior —a 5-passenger Six on similar lines, with 120-inch wheel- base and a 40-horsepower motor. /4-inch smaller bore. SIXES $1195 F. O. B. Racine Four-Passenger Roadster, $1495 — Sedan, $2175— Cabriolet, $1895 Coupe, $1995 — Also Town Car and Limousine. Mitchell, Lewis & Staver Co., 120 S.Lincoln— 906 Railway Ave. .Spokane, Wash.; E. Morrison & E. First Sts., Portland, Ore. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipl? BETTER FRUIT • VOj Pane Mathews Gravity Conveyers FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CANNERS AND PACKERS MADE ENTIRELY OF STEEL NEAT - LIGHT - DURABLE - SANITARY Manufactured by the Originators and Designers of the First Steel, Bali-Bearing Gravity Conveyer Portable Roller Conveyer Units To the right is shown a typical eight- foot unit. Rollers are spaced to suit sizes of packages to be handled. Diam- eter of rollers, 2% inches, cut from cold-drawn, seamless steel tubing, fitted with case-hardened, detachable ball bearings and full-length axles. Lock bars hold all rollers rigidly in place, eliminating use of nuts. Frame rails are of flat bar steel, rigidly braced crosswise and lengthwise. Whole unit construction is strong, neat, compact, and capable of giving almost unlimited service. Reversible Curves General construction same as straight units. Curves can be made to direct conveyer lines in any desired direction to fit special conditions or requirements. See illustration to left showing typical 90 curve. Automatic Straight-Lift Elevator Automatic Inclined Elevator Gravity Roller Spiral Spiral Chutes, Etc. These are useful in providing con- tinuous routing of packages between floors, designed to connect up with gravity conveyer lines. The Famous Mathews Gravity Wheel Conveyer (Manufactured under exclusive patent.) A Light, Strong Conveyer- Ideal for Conveying Boxes of Uniform Size. Made in portable straight and curved units same as Roller Conveyer. Both styles of conveyers can be used portably or installed permanently to conform to any desired routing plan. IMPORTANT NOTICE Expert advice and personal service can be had on short notice, by addressing one of our nearest Coast agents. This service is free and without obligation. We are also prepared to ship all orders for standard roller and wheel conveyer units promptly. Mathews Gravity Carrier Co. Factories: Ellwood City, Pa.; Toronto, Ont.; London, Eng. Address or wire Inquiries to our nearest Coast sales office. Spokane — Hofius Steel & Equipment Co. Wenatchee — Wells & Wade. Seattle— W. R. Hendrey Co., 313 Hoge Bldg. San Francisco — Mailler Searles, Monadnock Bldg. Los Angeles — John F. Willard, 315 Broadway. wilts WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTIO urn Pagi BETTER FRUIT July SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS & CO. GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. GLASGOW LONDON Agencies and Representatives in Every Important European Market European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET. INFORMATION ADDRESS SIMONS. SHUTTLEWORTH & FRENCH CO. 204 Franklin Street, New York SIMONS FRUIT CO. SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH, WEBLING CO. Toronto and Montreal 46 Clinton Street, Boston OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE Fruits and Produce 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND. OREGON MARK LEVY & CO. Commission Merchants Wholesale Fruits 121-123 Front St. and 200 Washington St. PORTLAND, OREGON W. van Diem Lange Franken Straat 45. 47, 49, 51, 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND European Receivers of American Fruits Eldest and First-Class House in this Branch Cable Address: W. Vandiem ABC Code used; 5th Edition Our Specialties Are Apples.Pears.Naval Oranges ORCHARDISTS SUPPLY HOUSE Franz Hardware Co. HOOD RIVER, ORE. W. H. DRYER W. W. BOLLAM DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT 8TREET PHONES: MAIN 2348 PORTLAND, OREGON The Portland Hotel PORTLAND, OREGON Broadway, Morrison, Sixth and Yamhill Streets Covers an entire block in the city's heart. Convenient to the newspaper, banking, shopping and theatrical districts. Homelike, refined, restful. European Plan. $ 1 .00 per Day and Upwards RICHARD W. CHILDS, MANAGER ARCADIA America's Greatest Orchard Project The home of the big "A" brand of apples. Winner of first prize at the National Apple Show, 1916, in shippers' contest. Only 22 miles from Spokane, Washington Gravity Irrigation. Healthful Climate Pleasant Surroundings Tracts sold on easy monthly payments. Send for free booklet. Arcadia Orchards Company DEER PARK, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING Not Overproduction of Apples, But Lack of Distribution The Country Has Not Been Sold, with Facts to Show It By E. H. Shepard, Editor. STATISTICAL TABLE SHOWING TH POPULATION, Tou ns 3,000 to Population Sold Not Sold 12 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado 1 Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia.. .. Florida Georgia Idaho 1 Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas 7 Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota 2 Mississippi Missouri Montana 2 Nebraska 2 Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota 2 Ohio Oklahoma 3 Oregon 1 Pennsylvnaia Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota 3 Tennessee Texas 9 Utah 1 Vermont Virginia Washington 2 West Virginia 1 Wisconsin 1 Wyoming 2 i: NUMBER OF TOWNS IN EACH STATE OF OVER 3,000 SOLD AND NOT SOLD IN CARLOTS Towna Towns Towns 5, I to 10.000 10.0110 to 20,1)00 20.000 to 50.000 50,000 Up Population Population Population Population Sold Not Sold Sold Not Sold Sold Not Sold Sold Not Sold 5 1 5 1 . . 2 . . I II 30 11 1 I 1 16 18 I 44 29 30 10 16 9 15 11 26 6 50 15 11 7(1 2 9 4 13 29 8 4 10 13 3 25 2 4 14 4 13 14 1 41 24 20 10 9 6 5 49 22 11 7 13 6 29 3 39 14 2 37 2 5 55 1 6 6 1 6 19 1 1 1 1 3 13 2 3 10 14 19 13 4 1 4 3 2 28 17 5 4 9 5 13 33 5 21 2 37 3 3 14 1 1 1 1 23 15 5 19 3 2 9 io 40 741 69 299 59 154 73 51 Towns Sold 3,000 to 5,000 40 5,000 to 10.000 54 1 11.0110 to 20,000 69 20.) to 50,000 59 50,000 up 73 295 Not Sold 741 546 299 154 51 1,791 14 per cent only of towns over 3,000 sold in the United States. 86 per cent not sold. Towns under 3,000 : Sold, 311 ; not sold, 9,298. Suporting one or more newspapers. Sold, 3 per cent; not sold, 97 per cent. Total towns in United States, approximately, 35,085. Sold, 611 — .01 "io per cent; not sold, 34,474—98.3 per cent. TOWNS OF OVER Alabama Population Selma 14,988 Montgomery 41,777 Birmingham 166,154 Mobile 55,573 .trt'iona Bisbee 9,019 Globe 7,083 Tucson 15,604 Arkansas .lonesboro 10,000 Fori Smith 27,136 Texarkana 20,ooo Little Rock 53,811 California Marysville 5,430 Bakersfleld 15,538 Richmond 10,000 Santa Ana 12,000 Fresno 29,809 Pasadena 40,880 Sun DlegO 48. (Mil) Sun Jose 37,086 Stockton 30.UOII Los Angeles 138,91 I Oakland 183,002 Sacramento 70,000 Sun Francisco 148,502 3,000 POPULATION, SOLD APPLES IN CARLOTS Colorado Population Sterling 3,044 Boulder 10,933 Trinidad 12,274 Colorado Springs 31.717 Denver 245,523 Pueblo 51,218 Connecticut New London 20,55' Stanford 29,032 Bridgeport 115,289 Hartford 107,038 Waterbury 82,517 Dtstrtct of Columbia Washington Florida St. Augustine 5,494 Jacksonville 70,173 Tampa 60,000 Georgia LaGrange 5,58' i; 14,146 Augusta 49,451 Macon 11,992 Atlanta 179,292 Idaho Wallace 3,000 Lewiston 6,043 Idaho — Continued Population Twin Falls 5,258 Pocatello 11,267 Boise 29,637 Illinois Champaign 13,835 Freeport 19,018 Bloomington 26,850 Heal or 37,525 Galesburg 2:1.5.111 Chicago 2,393,325 Peoria 70,006 Rockford ,')2,337 Indiana Logansport 20,262 Muncie Evansvllle 71,284 Fort Wayne so, 000 Indianapolis 9 113 Iowa Oelweln Fori Dodge 19,200 Keokuk 14,008 Marshalltown 14,042 Mason Ciiv 13,495 Burlington 24,802 Cedar Rapids Clinton There are a great many people who believe that the unsatisfactory prices on apples are not due to overproduc- tion but to a lack of distribution. I have given this matter a great deal of thought and study for years, and have done much research work, endeavoring to collect statistics and present facts that would be of value, but until re- cently I could find no arrangements of the population of the different towns with reference to their population suffi- ciently classified in a way to be of value. A few months ago I picked up the American Newspaper Annual and Directory of N. W. Ayer & Son, Phila- delphia, and found a list of every town in the United States in which a news- paper was printed. In this list there are 11,695 towns, of which 9,298 are smaller than 3,000 population and 2,086 towns are over 3,000 population. But more important than this, the towns of over 3,000 population are arranged under the following classifications — in the forepart of the book, page 12, in Alabama, for instance, it gives the list of towns, arranged alphabetically, from 3,000 to 5,000 population; from 5,000 to 10,000 population; from 10,000 to 20,000 population; from 20,000 to 50,000 popu- lation, and from 50,000 upward, and so on with each state. In addition to this, under each state is given an alpha- betical list of every town with a news- paper in each state with the population of each town or city. It must be borne in mind that in the list of towns pub- lished in the N. W. Ayer & Son Ameri- can Newspaper Annual and Directory that only the towns are given where a newspaper is published." Upon count- ing the list of towns in the Produce Reporter Credit Rook, 212 West Wash- ington Street, Chicago, I find the num- ber of towns listed where there are produce dealers, taking the State of Ala- bama as an example, are three times as great as the number of towns listed by N. W. Ayer a; Son in the Newspaper Annual and Directory, which would make the towns in the United States approximately 35,085. I have kepi a record of every car- load with destination, as reported to the Fruit Growers' Agency during the month of November, the heaviest ship- ping season, representing 75 per cent of the tonnage of the Northwest, and in addition have taken the published list of towns to which the Northwestern Fruil Exchange has sold for the years 1910, 1911. 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, to December 28, 1916. \ll of these towns I have carefully clucked up ill the Newspaper Annual and Directory of Page 6 BETTER FRUIT TOWNS OF OVER 3.000 Iowa — Continued Population Council Bluffs 30,778 Davenport 46,340 Dubuque «.g« Ottumwa So'SnS Waterloo „?•,'■•, Des Moines 96.fi;" Sioux City Kansas 54.098 3,350 4,000 3,064 3,214 Rcloit Clay Centre Columbus Dodge City '•fij El Dorado f'Z* Great Bend \'\i.iL Herrington g'gjg ".'.'. 7 '.508 '. . . . 5,000 Manhattan . 6,500 Ottawa nV87 Coffeyville lasSo Fort Scott Va%iq McPherson Arkansas City Concordia Hutchinson Indepence Lawrence 13,296 13,018 14.500 ^■^vl :::::::: 17:700 Pittsburg 11,354 94,271 67,000 38,819 .579,590 Salina -iqVui Tnpeka Kansas City Wichita Kentucky Lexington Louisville isa,ii* Louisiana ,,.„, PV&Oto "'.481 Lake Charles io qnfi Shreveport »ri S-H New Orleans 3bl,-/!i Maine Rockland g'Jgf Bangor gj'VSJ Portland 62 ' 16t Mart/land Baltimore Massachusetts Fitchburg 7«"sn2 Boston 7 |i'i34 Lawrence llllool s^ri^eid- :::::::::.. i«o,375 Worcester Ib0.il/ Michigan Detroit 650,000 Minnesota Alexandria f""' Willmar *•"» Moorhead -J'2 Albert Lea 10.00° Brainerd »'»'" Crookston '>™° Fergus Falls 6,887 Thief River Falls 5,500 St. Cloud il'rZi Winona .35 'Ibr Minneapolis 343 ,466 St. Paul 236, /bb Mississippi ..-,, Hattiesburg W ; - Jackson o, »i Meridian 21,80b Missouri Hannibal 21-760 .loplin 32 ,84 8 Kansas City 281,9 1 St. Joseph 7 SiR K = St. Louis 734,667 Montana Red Lodge |.860 Roundup 3,000 Rozeman 5-J"' Havre S.O00 Lewiston 6.000 ' Livingston 5'«5« Miles City 7.000 Anaconda 10.424 Billings 13,020 POPULATION. SOLD APPLES IN Mon tana — Contin ued Population Helena 13,258 Missoula 16,492 Butte 41,781 Great Falls 20,000 Nebraska HoUlredge 3,030 McCook 3,765 Columbus 5'2 i Fremont 9,345 Grand Island 11,505 Hastings 10 '2 52 . Lincoln 45,643 Omaha 133,274 Nevada Reno 13,579 New Hampshire Manchester 75,635 New Jersey Jersey City 270,903 New Mexico Albuquerque 13,058 New York Lyons 4,742 LeRoy 4,084 Medina 6,0/9 Ithaca 16./50 Elmira 40,073 Albany 107 '2I 9 Buffalo 461,887 New York 4,012,821 Syracuse 145 » 2 2Z Utica 80,589 North Dakota Valley City 4,606 Bismarck i'iti Devil's Lake 5,157 F'argo 16,351 Grand Forks 14,827 Minot 10,112 Ohio Bellefontaine 8,915 Marietta 12,924 Newark 28,271 Akron 80,291 Cincinnati 402,175 Cleveland 639,431 Columbus 204,567 Davton 123,794 Toiedo 200,000 Youngstow n 93,341 Oklahoma Alva 3,688 Duncan 3,000 Hobart 3,845 Ardmore 9,8b8 Durant 7,200 El Beno 7,8/2 Hugo ..., 6,000 Lawton 7,788 Miami 5,000 Chickasha 13873 Enid 18.209 Guthrie 11,911 McAlester 16,716 Sapulpa 11,431 Shawnee lo.olZ Muskogee 38.309 Tulsa 27,634 Oklahoma City 83,559 Oregon The Dalles 4,880 Baker 6,742 Astoria 10,11/ Salem 18,286 Portland 260,601 Pennsylvania Altoona 56,553 Philadelphia 1,657,810 Pittsburg 564,878 Scranton 141,353 Wilkes-Barre 73,660 Rhode Island Providence 247,660 South Dakota Deadwood 3,113 Rapid City 4,268 Redfleld 3,000 CARLOTS— Continued South Dakota — Continued Population Huron 5,791 Mitchell 7,785 Watertown 8,313 Aberdeen 11,846 Sioux Falls 20,000 Tennessee Knoxville 37,924 Chattanooga 57,057 Memphis 143,231 Nashville 114,899 Texas Bal linger 3,536 Big Spring 4,102 Cameron ,i,^bj Crockett 3,947 Cuero 3,109 Nacogdoches 3.309 Navasota 3,284 San Marcos 4,071 Sweetwater 4,176 Bonham 6,000 Brownwood 6,967 Corsicana 9,934 Gainesville 7,624 Greenville 9,696 Hillsboro 6,115 Sulphur Springs 5,151 Tavlor 5,314 Wexahachie 6,205 Abilene 12,806 Amarillo 13,585 Brownsville 12,310 Cleburne 11,587 Corpus Christi 15,000 Denison 14,409 Marshall 12,984 Palestine 11,412 Paris 12,081 San Angelo 10,321 Sherman 13,157 Temple 12,704 Tvler 11,393 Wichita Falls 10,760 Austin 23,218 Beaumont 25,433 El Paso 49,505 Galveston 40,289 Waco 28,707 Dallas 111,986 Fort Worth 94,494 Houston 98,122 San Antonio 115,063 Utah Brigham 3,685 Logan 7,522 Ogaen 29,528 Salt Lake 109,530 Vermont Portsmouth 37,569 Norfolk 86,540 Bichmond 150,000 Washington Chehalis 4,507 Puvallup 4,544 Centralia 7,311 Olvmnia 6,996 Ho'quiam 10,540 Bellingham 29,937 Everett 32,048 Seattle 313,029 Snokane 135,657 Tacoma 103,418 West Virginia Hinton 3,656 Clarksburg 11,394 Charleston 27,703 Wisconsin Rice Lake 4,500 Beloit 17,122 LaCrosse 31,367 Oshkosh 35,097 Racine 44,528 Superior 44,344 Milwaukee 417,054 Wyoming Casper 4,040 Laramie 4,962 Chevenne 9,661 Rock Springs 5,699 Sheridan 8,906 1TST OF TOWNS UNDER 3,000 POPULATION IN EACH STATE, SOLD CARLOTS, ^ ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY California— Dunsmuir, Montague, Stanford, San Pedro, Weed. Colorado— Haxtun, LaMar, Brush, East Morgan, Fort Morgan. Iowa— Cumberland, Cambria, Dike, Fairfield, Malvern, Strawberry Point, Walcott. Idaho— American Falls. Arimo, Arco, Blackfoot, Buhl, Emmett, Genesee, Gooding, Hazelton, Mi, 'oka, Middleton, Mt. Pelier, McCammon, Michland, Malad, Payette, P"rcell Parma, Picabo, Rupert Bexburg, St. Maries, St. Anthony, Smiths Ferry, Shoshone, W eiser, Wendell. Kansas— Almena, Arlington, Altamont, Anthony. Brownell, Clifton Condon Eureka Ells- wort] Graindeld, Gorham. Herndon, Hoisington, Hoxie, Jamestown KingsleyLuray, Marion Morganvil e, Morgan, Neodesha, Ness City. Oakley, Olpe, Osbnrn Ph.ll.psburg Protection, Scott City Sterling, Wakefield, Long Island, McDonald, Norton, Norfolk, Simpson, St. Francis, Traer, Vulcan, Whitewater, Woodruff. I.irn isiana — DeRidder. Minnesota— Breckenridge, Dilworth, Gleiiwood, Graceville, Henning, Mankato. North Redwood, Redwood Falls, Wadena Avon, Black Duck, Brewster, Cass Lake, Dalton, Detroit, Eagle Bend, Horton? Lake Park, Minnesota Transfer, Morris, Red Lake Falls, Twin Valley, Raymond, Wh Mon!ana Bainville, Baker, Big Sandy, Bouer, Bryan, Buffalo, Cascade. Conrad, Cutbank, Fai rv" w Gilford. Clendive, Glasgow, Hinsdale, Homestead, Medicine Lake, Plentywood, Poplar, Sidney Westhv Whitetall, Winifred, Wold Point, Brady, Bridger, Belgrade, Bowman, Browning, Chinook Coffee (reek. Dee, Lodge, Dillon, Drummond, Forsythe, Franklin, Geraldme, Laurel, July N. W. Ayer & Son, and from this have compiled the table presented in con- nection with this article, statistically arranged, showing the number of towns with a population of from 3,000 to 5,000 in each state, "sold" and "not sold"; the number of towns from 5,000 to 10,000, "sold" and "not sold"; the num- ber of towns from 10,000 to 20,000, "sold" and "not sold"; the number of towns from 20,000 to 50,000, "sold" and "not sold," and the number of towns 50,000 and upward, "sold" and "not sold," in carlots direct. In referring to the statistical list in connection with this article, please note there are 2,086 towns of over 3,000 population— 295 of them were sold 1,791 were not sold; 14 per cent have been sold and 86 per cent not sold. There are 9,609 towns in the United States sufficiently large to main- tain a newspaper, of which 311 have been sold and 9,298 have not been sold — 3 per cent sold, 97 per cent not sold. Of the total towns in the United States large enough to maintain a news- paper there are 11,695, of which 611 have been sold and 11,089 not sold. There are approximately 35,085 towns in the United States, of which 611 have been sold and 34,474 not sold, or .01 7 An per cent sold and 98.3 unsold — a most remarkable showing. I really believe in a great measure that I am justified in making the statement that there are comparatively few, if any, who realize that a careful checking up of the towns sold in complete lists of the entire towns in the United States would show such wonderful contrasts, or, in other words, show that but .01 7 /m towns of the United States had been sold North- western apples in carload lots, or 611 towns, and that 34,474 towns, or 98.3 per cent had not been sold. Now, it may be claimed and un- doubtedly is true, that a great many of these towns do not have commission merchants or fruit jobbers. On the other hand, it must be recognized, ac- cording to an approximate estimated list, that some 35,000 towns have deal- ers who handle fruit or farm produce of one kind or another. I do not main- tain for a moment that every town in the United States, or that every town over 3,000 population can be sold Northwestern apples direct in carlots, but it does seem, and undoubtedly is true, there are hundreds, yes thousands, of towns that have not been sold in carlots which can be sold. I realize fully there are many towns of over 3,000 population in the list which are close to some big city, like Chicago for instance, where they obtain their sup- ply of box apples in 25, 50 or 100-box lots, but there are many towns of less than 3,000 population sufficiently re- mote from the large distributing cen- ters which can be supplied direct, saving considerable extra freight and frequently unnecessary handling and extra profit. It must be admitted that occasionally the credit of some mer- chant in some small town might not be sufficiently good to sell on credit, but as the apple business should be done f.o.b., subject to sight draft, if the car is not accepted and paid for it could ipi? BETTER FRUIT Page 7 LIST OF TOWNS UNDER 3,000 POPULATION IN EACH STATE, SOLD CARLOTS, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY— Continued Malta, Miles City, Norris, Pony, Rosebud, Stamford, Sweetwater, Townsend, White Fish, Wolf Creek. Missouri — Hale. Massachusetts — Bonita. New York — Burt, Suspension Bridge, Wilson. North Dakota — Alexander, Antler, Anamoose, Arnegard, Arthur, Beach, Berthold, Bismarck, Bowbells, Carrington, Charbonneau, Crosby, Dickinson, Drake, Finley, Hamlet, Hampden, Kecne, Leeds, Lignite, Lisbon, Medina, Noonan, Plaza, Portal, Powers Lake, Rock Lake, Rugby, Stanley, Tioga, Towner, White Earth, Wildrose, Wolfard, New Rockford, Bowman, Braddock," Chamber- lain, Cando, Edison, Flasher, Ft. Clark, Goodrich, Highmore, Hazelton, Hattinger, Hebron, Kil- deer, Kenmore, Langdon, Laketo, Leith, Mandan, New Salem, New Berg, Oakes, Parshal, Regan, St. Thomas, Sterling, Starkweather, Sheldon, Turtle Lake, Werner, Wahpeton, West Hope, York. Oregon — Enterprise, Bend, Klamath Falls, North Bend, Niagara. Oklahoma — Clinton, Ojima, Purcell, Woodward, Camanche, Herrington. Nebraska — Danbury, Gothenburg, Giltner, Gering, Lester, Moorefield, Riverton, Scottsbluff, Upland, Watertown. Pennsylvania — Biggerville, DeBois. South Dakota — Browning, Gettysburg, Kodoka, Claremont, Canova, Eureka, Groton, Gregory, Hill City, Java, Lemmon, Mott, Parker, Rie Heights, Tuton, Timber Lake, Vermillion, Webster, White Lake, Wolsey. Texas — Ennis, Llano, Bowie. Cisco, Comanche, Lockdale, Lockhart, Mexia, Plainview, Rock- dale, San Augustine, Stanford, Dalhart, Victoria, Waurika. I'tah — Milwood Spur. Washington — Sumner, Ballard, Krupp. Wis consin — Baron, Boscobel, Osceola, Broadhcad, Bellinger. "west Virginia — Wheeler. Wyoming — Gillette, Hanna, Pine Bluffs, Upton, Basin, Cody, Douglas, Gurnsey, Rawlins, Thermopolis. be diverted elsewhere. With this im- mense list of towns unsold it seems worthy of suggestion to the selling agencies and association directors that they follow the method adopted by the big jobbers and manufacturers, by put- ting out a sufficient number of travel- ing representatives or salesmen to cover the different states and territories thoroughly, with a view of increasing the number of towns sold, creating a wider distribution and a greater con- sumption. If the town of medium-sized population can be sold direct, saving extra freight and unnecessary extra handling and extra unnecessary profit, the consumers in that city will receive their apples at just so much less per box, creating a greater consumption if these markets are properly worked and sold. Furthermore, it will mean that big cities and big distributing centers will be relieved from overcrowding and pressure, consequently firmer and better prices can be maintained and secured. In connection with this statement it must be borne in mind and remembered that whatever the market price is in a town like St. Louis or Kansas City, that is the price set in all of the smaller towns in a certain radius. If you ask a dealer in a small town a quarter more than the St. Louis price you cannot sell him, because all that is necessary for him to do is to call up the commission house, broker or dealer and ask him to ship him 100 boxes, more or less. It must be admitted Michigan raises a lot of apples, yet there are 76 towns in the State of Michigan of over 3,000 popu- lation and only one has been sold. Illinois raises a lot of apples also; how- ever, eight towns have been sold in the State of Illinois. Take as an illustra- tion the cities in a state. In California, Marysville, with a population of 5,000, has been sold, ye! Chico, with a popu- lation of 12,000, has not been sold: neither town is in an apple-producing section. But the number of deductions and conclusions to be drawn are in- linite. Limited space prevents a com- plete analysis of the situation. The expense of publishing in detail is too great lo publish in "Belter Fruit." However, the statistical tables present sullicient information to enable every shipping concern in the Northwest to analyze the situation completely. Every shipping concern should obtain a Produce Reporter Credit Book and the American Newspaper Annual and Directory of N. W. Ayer & Son, Phila- delphia, and take a list of the towns as reported sold of over 3,000 population and under 5,000 population, and check them off in these two publications. After doing this at a glance you can see which towns have been sold, the popu- lation of each, and which have not been sold, in every state and territory in the Union. The American Newspaper An- nual and Directory of N. W. Ayer & Son will give you the list specified, according to population, 3,000 to 5,000, 5,000 to 10,000, 10,000 to 20,000, 20,000 to 50,000 and 50,000 up, and the Produce Reporter furnishes a list of all the pro- duce dealers and commission men in every town, with their credit rating. I regret that space in "Better Fruit" is not sufficient and that "Better Fruit" cannot afford the expense of the publi- cation of the complete list of towns unsold, but I have presented sufficient facts and have given the shipping con- cerns a list of the towns sold, so that every shipping concern at a small ex- pense can check up from the list of towns sold according to the published list in this edition of "Better Fruit," and after doing this he can see at a glance just what towns in each state have not been sold, and by referring to the Produce Reporter Credit Book can find the names of the men engaged in the commission business with whom business can be done. I do not claim that every town can be or should be sold direct; some of the towns are close to jobbing centers and can be supplied in a more satisfac- tory way than buying direct in carlots. On the other hand, there are many towns with sullicient population to take care of carlots where jobbing facilities do not serve them satisfactorilj or where the distance is so great there is extra expense on account of freighl and extra expense in ichandling and unnecessary intermediate profit. Wher- ever it is advisable to sell towns direct it should be clone not only for the pur- mmping ou only i f ._. ™,™ imagine the difference between -■ _ MYERS COG GEAR "Easy Operating" PUMP and a pump of any other make until you start to pump water. Then you quickly discover that the "Rolling Motion" Coe; Cear construction performs an important service, saving 33' ,-; ol your pumping labor every time you take holj ol the handle whether you pump a bucket or a barrel ol water. So popular has this teature become through its success lul labor saving qualities that we now use the Cog aiConstruciion on Myers Hand and Wind- _.ill, Deep and Shallow Well Pumps, House Pumps, Pump Stands, Hvdro- Pneumatic Pumps, Tank Pumps, Spray Pumps -vm on some styles ol Myers Power Pur This places within your reach and at no advance In colt, through the thousands Myers Dealers, a Myers Cog Ccar'Eaiy Optralins" Pump designed tor your par licular needs. Remember mis when you ire ready tor a ne™ pump, and save ji and hard work In the H follow Attractive booklets on request EF.E.MYERS&BR 120 ORANGE ST. ■A/hland.Ohic. pump/ HAY TOOLJand J DOOR HANGER/ a FRUIT MEN ATTENTION! Members of The Farmers' Union Co-Operative Exchange will ship hundreds of cars of Peaches, Apples and Pears. The Exchange buys merchandise and supplies, and sells fruit and farm products. All purchases cash. All fruit sold track, --nippers' order. All buvers receive same quotations. Those desiring to furni&h supplies or to handle fruit, wire or write. The Farmers' Union Co-Operative Exchange J. W. GROVES, Manager Grand Junction, Colorado DO YOUR BIT By drying your surplus Fruits and Vege- tables. Our small evaporators give perfect satisfaction. Inexpensive. Send for Catalogue. THE EVAPORATOR CO. 55 Liberty St. New York pose of increasing the markets but for the purpose of increasing consumption, because in so doing the purchaser will save the extra expense of extra freight and extra profit, and by receiving apples direct the dealer will save one extra handling, consequently he will be able to furnish the apples to the con- sumer in better condition at lower prices, which will be a big factor in increasing distribution and creating greater consumption. I firmly believe if every shipping con- cern in the Northwest will accept the information and the suggestions con- tained in this article, and if each and every one of them will get busy in an earnest endeavor to increase their dis- tribution that we won'l bear much more complaint about overproduction, and 1 am equally and firmly convinced that if the suggestions given are fol- lowed out that every fruitgrower in (he Northwesl will gel better prices for his apples and And his hank account larger at the end of the year than he lias in the pasl few years thai I have been engaged in growing apples, cover- ing a period of fourteen years. Page S BETTER FRUIT July Sebastopol Gravensteins The crop of famous Sebastopol Gravenstein Apples is now moving. Season closes August 26th. The best apples from over 200 of our best orchards. Community packing houses insure uniform pack. See our representative or wire us. Sebastopol Apple Growers' Union SEBASTOPOL, CALIFORNIA ■■MB ■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■fl A Home-Made Sun Dryer By Jessie M. Hoover, Professor of Home Economics, Moscow, Idaho A YEAR ago the -writer visited four hundred farm homes in Southern Idaho. Before the home visits were made the women of each community or neighborhood were assembled at a central meeting place and were asked to consider the best labor-saving device they possessed and if possible show it to the visitor when she called at their home. Pictures were taken of many of the best devices and this dryer was one of the devices which seemed especially interesting. Judging by the results sampled the efficiency of the dryer can- not be questioned. Figure I shows the completed dryer with ventilating holes at the base and apex. To Make Two panes of glass 36 by 36 inches each are required. Figure II shows one of these glasses cut diagonally so as to form two right-angled triangles. Figure III shows the second glass cut so as to form a triangle with two equal sides. In Figure III there is a waste of the two upper corners of the glass. These three triangles are cased with wood in much the same way as a win- dow sash. For the base of the dryer build a square wooden platform of the same dimensions as the base of the cased glass. This should be placed on a table or substantial frame in the dooryard where it will have a good exposure to the sun, i. e., place the triangle ABC on the south side of the base, as shown in Figure I. On the east and west sides of the wooden base place the two tri- anges shown in Figure II, A' and A", in each case being placed on the wooden base. The edge C' is joined to the edge C. The edge B' is joined to the edge B. The edges B' and C will be slightly longer than the edges of B and C, but these can be extended up into the woden apex. The back of this dryer may be made of tightly-matched boards, hinged along the north side of the base; or it may be made of the wire gauze screening. Where dust storms or sud- den showers are likely to occur the wooden back is preferable. The door is fastened to the apex of the dryer with a suitable catch. A removable frame of wooden slats or heavy wire elevated an inch or two above the base will furnish a free circulation of air from beneath, and the food spread on it will dry more quickly. The air enters the small holes at the base and, accom- panied by the moisture from the evap- orating fruit, passes out at the inch hole in the apex. To save steps the dryer might be placed against a south window and could thus be filled and emptied with- out going outside. For protection in winter the dryer can be set under a shed. The owner of this dryer reports that it cost her six dollars complete. The position of the glass aids in con- centrating the sun's rays and increas- ing the heat. The enclosure prevents the entrance of dust and insects. The Bing cherries that were offered as samples were delicious and could be substituted for raisins, currants and other similar fruits in puddings, cakes and confectionery. Since the price of sugar is so high the drying of fruits should be of interest to all. F.jjs.n Fig.m ipir BETTER FRUIT Page p 7000 Abusive Miles Prove HUDSON Endurance Perhaps the Hudson record which means most to you is the ocean-to-ocean record. Each new claimant to great- ness, for several years, has tried to prove it by a transcontinen- tal run. A seven-passenger Hudson Super-Six broke the best record made up to last summer by nearly 2} o days — from San Francisco to New York. Then turned around and broke the record from New York to San Francisco. It completed the round trip in 10 days and 21 hours — over 7000 miles, includ- ing mountains and desert. And thus twice won America's most coveted record in one contin- uous trip. 1819 Miles in 24 Hours Next to that, the greatest official endurance record is the 24 -hour top-speed run. A Hud- son Super-Six stock chassis ran 1819 miles in that time — as far as from New York to Denver. That broke the best previous stock chassis record by 52 per cent. The 24-hour run, 102 1 2 -mile an hour speed, both made with stock chassis, and the 100-mile and the one -hour stock car tests, as well as many others, were official. They were made under the supervision of the American Automobile Association. They mean more than the speed records won — more than the best time regardless of size or class in the Pike's Peak hill-climb, by a Hud- son Super-Six Special, in which 20 racing cars participated. They Prove Endurance We made these tests just to prove endurance. Nothing else is so important to motor car owners. It is not how well a car will run in ordinary use that counts. How long and how little attention — how free from me- chanical needs and excessive fuel and lubrication charges, is the main thing. These tests have demonstrated that, measured by other standards, there is a yet unknown limit to the endurance of a Hudson Super-Six. What the Super-Six has prov- ed, in performance and endur- ance, has never before been done. Phaeton, 7-pass'r Cabriolet. 3-pass'r Speedster, 4-pass'r . $1S0S Touring Sedan . . . $2175 Town Car Landaulet $3025 1950 Town Car 2925 Limousine 2925 1750 (All Prices F. O. B. Detroit) Limousine Landaulet 3025 HUDSON MOTOR CAR COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 10 BETTER FRUIT July MAIN OFFICE AND FACTORY SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BRANCH ES AT LOS ANGELES, FRESNO, PORTLAND SEATTLE, SALT LAKE CITY, HONOLULU Cork, Drouth Spot and Related Apple Diseases By A. J. Mix, Geneva, New York, Agricultural Experiment Station TWO little-known apple diseases are found in the Champlain Valley. These are perhaps only different types of the same disease, are non-parasitic in nature, and are apparently closely related to the well-known fruit-pit or stippen disease. The names cork and drouth spot are proposed for them. Associated with the drouth spot are ab- normal conditions of the twigs and foliage; it is proposed to call these drouth die-back and drouth rosette. Cork is also found in Ontario and in New South Wales. It affects chiefly the Fameuse variety. Apparently the drouth spot has occurred in Maine and Vir- ginia; and a closely related trouble occurs in the Pacific Northwest. Rosette has been reported from Colorado, Cali- fornia and Idaho; and both the rosette and die-back from the irrigated sec- tions of Washington and Oregon. In the Champlain Valley certain orchards and even individual trees are more affected than others. It is only in these particular cases that the diseases assume economic importance. Cork is evident in late June as dead brown spots beneath the skin of the fruit or around the core. The fruit is normal externally. Later the fruit becomes distorted and knobby, and brown corky areas are found scattered throughout the flesh. Drouth spot occurs in early June and fresh stages may develop throughout the summer if the weather continues dry. Superficial or sunken, irregular, dead, brown spots show in the skin of the fruit, and dead brown areas may occur in the flesh be- neath. In late stages the apple becomes cracked and deformed. The internal spots of both diseases are in close proximity to branches of the vascular system, and superficial drouth spots often show a wavy pattern of wrinkles apparently marking the subepidermal vascular network. Under the microscope these spots show cells with brown amorphous con- tents shrunken away from the walls. Sometimes cells are collapsed. Die-back consists in the death of a portion of the twig from the tip back- ward. Beyond this a brown discolora- tion in the cambial region extends back into healthy wood. The dead twig may be replaced by a healthy lateral from the base; but often there is found near the base of the twig a rosette-like cluster of dwarfed, lanceolate leaves. This appearance and one in which a compact cluster of similarly dwarfed leaves crowns a long, bare twig have been included under the name rosette. Field observations show that these diseases may occur on the best types of soil in the locality, under conditions of careful culture, and in young and vigorous trees. In certain cases a shal- low soil seems connected wtih their development. They may appear, how- ever, on deep soils of good physical condition. A condition of soil con- ducive to poor moisture supply seems connected with severe outbreaks. Drouth accompanied by high, dry winds seems to bring on a large amount of drouth spot and cork; a subsequent rainy period, as in 1915, causes them to disappear. In a rainy spring, as in 1916, some disease occurs in trees that have been previously affected, but the amount is inconsiderable and the period of development much shortened. The initial stage of die-back is found on the season's growth in midsummer. The following spring this die-back and the accompanying rosette are very noticeable. Dry weather in late sum- mer seems directly responsible for die- back of the season's growth. If a wet summer follows a dry spring, this die- back is practically absent, and there is evident recovery from its preliminary stages. No abnormal condition of the roots is necessary to the occurrence of die-back and rosette. Since these diseases may appear, to a limited extent, in a rainy season, lack of soil moisture cannot be considered their sole cause. It is, however, the one predisposing factor. Other factors, yet unknown, may be operative. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipl/ Assuming that an insutlicient mois- ture supply to the fruit, accompanied by great transpiration, may bring about these diseases, it is suggested that the exact method of their occurrence may be through the leaves robbing the fruit of water. Leaves have a higher cell- sap concentration than green fruits and can remove water from the fruits by the process of osmosis. Chandler has called attention to this fact and demon- strated it with detached twigs bearing fruits and leaves. Following Chandler's method fruits have been rapidly wilted, and then, by placing the twigs in water, caused to regain their original state of turgor. In many such fruits spots re- sembling those of drouth spot, and occasionally of cork, were produced. One experiment indicated that a re- duction of the leaf surface of the tree during the critical period might pre- vent the drouth spot, but this is not sug- gested as a practical means of control. The only control method which offers promise of results is one looking to conservation of soil moisture, and an even distribution of the moisture sup- ply throughout the season. Clean culti- vation is not sufficient. From certain suggestions of benefit in the Champlain Valley, and from results secured in the Pacific Northwest, clean cultivation followed by a leguminous cover crop, or the planting of a leguminous crop such a alfalfa in the orchard, seem methods which should be tried. Cer- tain growers in the Champlain Valley are testing them. BETTER FRUIT Page ii The Sun Fruit Drier transforms sunlight into heat, power and motion. A bruised apple is a ruined apple. Cut out the bruise, core, slice and place in the Sun Fruit Drier. On the second day the sliced, dry Hood River Beauty can be shipped to "Anywhere in France." Works perfectly for all other fruits and vegetables. How? Write Barnard & Gates 291 Stevenson Ave. Pasadena, Cal. Z?f>e First National Bank HOOD RIVER. OREGON A. D. MOE - - President E.O. BLANCHAR - Cashier Capital and Surplus $125,000 Assets Over $500,000 Member Federal Reserve System Your Goods + Our Packages =$ We make a specialty of High Class and Distinctive LABELS Let Us Help You Solve Your Selling Problem with SERVICE QUALITY PRICE Write to the most convenient office. The United States Printing & Lithograph Co. LOS ANGELES 430 S. Broadway SEATTLE 901 Hoge Building SAN FRANCISCO 112 Market St. jumnmnm i ii ■•■•■•••■■■I fT^ The Two Big Things 'LADMTLTON BANK • that a bank can offer its customers are safety and service. This pioneer bank,oldest in the Northwest, assures safe and efficient handling of check- ing or saving accounts entrusted to it. We invite you to become a customer; to make use of the safety and service we offer. LADD&TILTON BANK PORTLAND OREGON OVER SIX MILLION Bushel ShippingBaskets SOLD SO FAR THIS SEASON Everybody is shipping fruits and vegetables in our bushel shipping baskets, simply because they are the best and cheapest package on the market. The demand for these baskets promises to ex- ceed the production this year. Therefore order now for quick shipment be- fore the advance in freight rates. Write for Prices Today. PACKAGE SALES CORPORATION 1201 Advertising Building, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Best Insulation for Fruit Storage Houses Cabot's Insulating Quilt Building Papers, Roofing, Building Material, Paint Gravity Box Conveyors TIMMS, CRESS & CO., Inc., 184-6 Second St., Portland, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FKl'IT Page 12 BETTER FRUIT July BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON Official Organ of Tie Northwest Fruit Growers' Association A Monthly Illustrated Magazine PublLshed in the Interest of Modem Fruit Growing and Marketing All Communications Should Bo Addressed and Remittances Made Payable to Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEPARD, Editor and Publisher STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS OREGON C. I. Lewis. Horticulturist Corvallls WASHINGTON Dr. A. L. Melander, Entomologist Pullman O. M. Morris. Horticulturist Pullman W. S. Tliornber. Horticulturist Pullman COLORADO C. P. Oillette. Director and Entomologist Fort Collins E. B. House. Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering. State Agricultural College Fort Collins ARIZONA E. P. Taylor. Horticulturist Tucson WISCONSIN Dr. E. D. Ball. Director and Entomologist Madison MONTANA 0. B. Whipple. Horticulturist Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W. Woodworth. Entomologist Berkeley ?■ H V, V ?i ck - Entomologist wktsonvlUe Leon D. Batchelor. Horticulturist Riverside INDIANA H. S. Jackson. Pathologist Lafayette BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Winslow. Provincial Horticulturist Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: In the United States, $1.00 per year In advance Canada and foreign, including postage. $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27 1906 at the Postofflce at Hood River, Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3. 1879. Liberty Bonds. — The people of the United States have shown their partiot- ism and support of the administration by overly subscribing to the Liberty Bond quota by 52 per cent— a positive indication that the people of the United States realize fully the magnitude of the war condition, and a positive indi- cation they will support the Govern- ment to the fullest extent, with every means necessary to prosecute the war and bring it to an early satisfactory conclusion. The United States realizes fully the seriousness of the situation. Being engaged in the war, the people appreciate fully the importance of bringing it to a quick conclusion. This can only be done by the most thorough preparation on an immense scale in the quickest possible time, supplying all of our troops with every necessity in the way of ammunition and supplies; and equally important is also the mat- ter of food. The United States must realize fully the food supply is short with European nations engaged in the war, and we must endeavor to the fullest extent possible to supply them in the most liberal way. The Editor of "Better Fruit," with many others, has believed for many years that in a large measure the un- satisfactory prices realized on apples during some of the past years have been due to a lack of distribution more than to overproduction. The editor has given the matter careful study in connection with consider- able research work covering a long period. Some facts in connection with these views are presented in an article by the editor elsewhere in this edition. The price of wheat in Liverpool sets the price of wheat all over the world. It is also a fact, to a large extent, that the prices of apples in the large dis- tributing centers set the prices in all of the surrounding territories. There- fore, if the fruitgrowers can avoid crowding the large centers by greater distribution throughout the small towns in the United States, the pressure can be relieved and a better level of prices maintained in all markets. It is the editor's belief that if each one of the associations would do as every job- ber or manufacturer does, divide the territory into districts and put on a reasonable number of salesmen — or, in plain English, "drummers" — to sell the towns that have not been sold, that con- sumption can be increased by greater distribution and a better demand cre- ated and better prices obtained. If the different selling concerns, sales man- agers and directors would give this matter proper attention and add on a sufficient number of salesmen, properly distributed, the 1917 apple crop can be disposed of, in the opinion of the edi- tor, without any doubt at satisfactory prices. Winter Kill, or Die Back, has caused the fruitgrowers of the Northwest more or less anxiety in different sections. It is similar to the trouble called Bosette in some districts. While this trouble has caused more or less damage for many years, it is comparatively little understood, but investigation of the trouble in the Northwest points to drouth being at least the main factor as to the cause. However, the editor desires to call attention to the fact that, in his opinion, it may not be so much drouth as the nature of drouth. An orchard may not be irrigated at all and show very little winter kill. While an orchard that is irrigated that is allowed to become very dry in summer or fall may show up winter kill the next spring. So it seems, at least to the edi- tor, that a change from wet to dry is more a factor than just simply dryness. Two articles on this subject, one by Leroy Childs of the Experiment Station at Hood Biver and one by A. J. Mix of Geneva, New York, appear in this issue, giving the result of their investigations and their conclusions, both well worth reading. Apparently it seems that the only remedy so far known is one of prevention, which is to maintain even- ness of moisture condition and suffi- cient moisture throughout the season. Economy in Harvesting. — The in- creasing cost of boxes, paper and all other supplies connected with harvest- ing the fruit crops apparently at the present time is unavoidable. With the increasing cost of living labor is de- manding and is entitled to prices in accordance with living costs. It is im- portant that every fruitgrower should introduce efficiency methods to the fullest possible extent to make up for increased costs so far as possible. It is a well-known fact that the expense of handling unpacked and packed boxes in the packing house and loading stations and warehouses is a large item, as most of this work has been done by hand. Some few up-to-date handling concerns and community packing houses have introduced gravity carriers, finding by so doing the cost of handling is greatly reduced. Without question if our ware- houses had been equipped with gravity carriers last season the work would BEST SERVICE QUALITY a PRICES PERFECTION IN FRUIT vLABELS/ t^H '■/ 1423-24 NORTHWESTERN BANK BLDG. PORTLAND.OREGON. E.Shelley Morgan NORTHWESTERN MANAGER WE CARRY-AND CAN SHIP IN 24 HOURS-STOCK LABELS FOR PEARS. APPLES.CHERRIES & STRAWBERRIES, Turn Apple Waste to PROFIT Cider Making Will Pay Someone in Your Section Handsomely WILL IT BE YOU? Start a paying business that crows almost without effort. Thousands are making Big Money turning ;nipluwas(e into profits for their neinhli. is by making Good Market- able Cfder from wind-falls, culls, undergrades, etc., on Mount Gilead Hydraulic Cider Presses Sizes 10 to 400 bbls. daily. We also m cider evaparators, apple butter cook vinegar generators, filters, etc. All machinery is fully guaranteed All power presses have steel beams and sills. Write today for catalog. HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. CO. 60 Lincoln Avenue Mt. Gilead, O. Pacific Coa9t Representatives The Berger & Carter Co. 17th and Mississippi Sts.. San Francisco. Cal. have been done much easier and the congestion relieved, and the fruit- grower would have saved considerable delay unloading at the warehouse. Home Drying of Fruits and Vege- tables. — The June , issue of "Better Fruit" contained a very interesting article on canning. In this issue is presented an article, with illustrations, as to the home drying of fruits and vegetables, with the suggestion and advice that every fruitgrower endeavor 19 1 7 to the fullest extent possible to put up good supplies of dried fruits and vege- tables, not only for home use but for sale, as there undoubtedly will be a large demand. It is the duty of every fruitgrower and farmer to conserve all of the waste, in fact to allow no waste to occur. Therefore every fruitgrower and farmer should either can or dry all kinds of fruits and vegetables, for which he does not find a ready market at a satisfactory price as fresh. The Red Cross Fund.— The quota for the Red Cross fund has not only been given very cheerfully, but the amount subscribed will far exceed the amount BETTER FRUIT Page 13 An Eastern School in the West ]YKss CatHii'8 Boarding and Day School for Girls Situated in an ideal spot on WESTOVER TERRACE PORTLAND, OREGON Basket ball and tenniscourts adjoining. Primary, Intermediate and College Preparatory Departments. Prepares girls for Eastern as well as Western Colleges. Music, Art and Dramatic training. Catalogue sent on request. School building open to visitors during the summer. ^^°^\*.'i Woslern Afienls ^( A. I ttooi Go roRTi.we Si 1 11 GOMPANY ii nHiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'i MIMIIII IIIIIMMllllllll in IIIINIIIIIIIIIlllllll 1 ' £ Y> "Yellowstone is not only the won- der land that com- mon report des- cribes; it is also the fitting play- ground and pleas- ure resort of a great people; it ia the ideal summer school of nature study." Secretary Lane, U.S.Dept. of the Interior. Transportation within the park is now furnished by automobiles. Tiniimiiniiiimiiiiimiiiiimiiiii nmimuinmii iimnniiiiiiiimimiiiirainiiiniimiiinimmmHmiiiHiiiniimiiiiimiiiR Yellowstone National Park The Nation's Playground. GO THIS YEAR VIA BEE HIVES AND SUPPLIES IF YOU own an orchard or keep bees you should have a copy of our 1917 CATALOG of Bee Supplies Listing everything necessary for the success- ful handling of bees and production of honey. Gives Valuable Information on Pol' lination. Tells How to K.e e P and Care for Sees. Jtsk for Catalog No. 20S. PORTLAND SEED COMPANY Union Pacific System POPULAR WAY TO YELLOWSTONE WM. McMURRAV, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon PORTLAN D OREGON requested. The cheerful subscription— the universal subscription— is a testi- monial to the goodness of the American people in doing everything possible to care for the sick and wounded. The shortage of hospital supplies is becom- ing serious in many of the countries thai have been engaged in the war for some time. It is .just plain humanity on our pari that we contribute willingly and freely to alleviate their suffering. Ill ported to have been successfully oper- ated in some districts throughout the Northwest. It is a simple, practical device, verj inexpensive and easy t<> construct. Every fruitgrower and farmer should endeavor In (unserve as much food during the summer, when it is plentiful, as possible, by all practical methods, such as canning, evaporating and drying. Home-Made Sun Dryer.— Miss Hoo- ver, in a shorl article appearing else- where in this edition, gives a design for a home-made sun dryer, which is re- Spraying Crapes to Increase the Yield. --The grape industry of the Northwest is comparatively new, but an old industrj in California and many Other stales, in which the industry lias WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 14 BETTER FRUIT July The Orchard Ladder of Quality must bear the name "Northwest." Thousands are sold on their merits. Ask your dealer to let you see our Ladder. No crushed fruit if you use the Barnett Fruit Picking Pail. Information on our Orchard Supplies will be gladly given on request. N. W. Fence & Supply Co. Station A received very careful attention and the best methods adopted for securing the greatest yield possible. All growers of the Northwest may not fully appreciate the importance of spraying a vineyard. Therefore a short but interesting article on spraying grapes is published in this edition of "Better Fruit." Grading Machines. — The cost of grad- ing by hand, especially with the in- creased cost in labor, is an unneces- sary expensive method that should be discarded. Grading machines are now being manufactured which do the work at a saving of several cents per box, in much less time, requiring a great deal less space for carrying on the work. A number of grading machines are being manufactured at various prices. Grad- ing machines will save probably five cents per box in doing the work. Any grower with 3,000 to 5,000 boxes of apples can nearly save the cost of a grading machine in a year or two. Fruit Juices for Jelly Making. — Con- tainers are very expensive. It is also quite an item of expense to buy all the sugar necessary at one time to put up jelly for the entire season. Fruit can be converted into juice, bottled, ready for converting into jelly later in the year, as required. The housewives of a great many fruitgrowers have tried this method and found it very satisfac- tory. Therefore it seems one well worthy of suggesting to the fruitgrow- ers, and that they may fully understand the method a short article is published elsewhere, entitled "Fruit Juices for Jelly Making." GET MY PRICES I can ship at once any size or style WITTE High-Grade Engine— 2to22H-P.— Keroeeneor Gasoline — Stationary, Portable or Saw-Rig — ready to run --Guar an teed 6 Years, You don't have to wait 6 to 8 weeks for c-r* u wn-rr a WITTE. You save S25 ED. H. will t tojiuu. Choice of engines --Cash or Easy Payments. My Free Book *'lii.w Tii Judge Engines," by return mail. -Ed. H. Witte, Pres. WITTE ENGINE WORKS, 1880 Oakland A"c, Kansas City, Mo. 1 880 Empire Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Cherry Trees Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, etc. Free Catalog. Agents Wanted. Special Terms. MILTON NURSERY COMPANY MILTON. OREGON Portland, Oregon Winter Kill Needs Attention By Leroy Childs, Hood River Experiment Station DIE-BACK, or so-called "winter kill" of apple and pear trees is a com- mon disorder in many orchards of the valley this spring. The term "die-back" has been adopted in many sections of the country for this trouble and it is more appropriate than the old name of "winter kill." Winter conditions have nothing to do with fully 90 per cent of the trees that have failed to throw out normal foliage, and for this reason the term was very confusing, especially so as it sounds much like the term "winter injury." Winter injury is a term used for mechanical disorder of the tree brought about by freezing and thawing. Our commonest form of winter injury ffl rnpnu*" HUD Nbthind but praise »♦ iiimitHiiiiiii"! HUDSON— H. O. Harrison Co., San Francisco— "Many owners of Hudson Super-six cars use Zerolene. We hear nothing but praise for it." FORD — Fahy-Atterbury Sales Co. , Los Angeles — "we recommend Zerolene for the lubrication of Ford cars." MAXWELL— J. C. Phelan, Fresno— "Zerolene is giving us the best of satisfac- tion." HUPMOBILE— Manley Auto Co., Portland— "we are convinced that Zerolene is giving uniformly satisfactory results." ZEROLENE The. Standard Oil for Motor Cars Endorsed by Leading Car Distributors — because the records of their service depart- ments show that Zerolene, correctly refined from California asphalt- base crude, gives perfect lubrication — less wear, more power, least carbon deposit. ^Dealers everywhere and at out service stations NDARD OIL COMPANY (California) For tractors, Zerolene Heary-'Duty is especially recommended WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 19 1 7 BETTER FRUIT Page i$ is manifested in the form of a severe splitting of the trunk, usually on the southwest side of the tree. Die-back, for the most part, is the result of mistreatment of the tree during summer and can be prevented by proper irrigation only. By irriga- tion is meant the maintaining of a uni- form moisture condition of the soil during the growing season of the tree. Each orchardist must determine the condition of the soil at intervals during the summer; different soils demand different treatment. This determina- tion can be made only by digging to a depth of three or four feet with a shovel or by using the soil augur at rather close intervals (not to ex- ceed three weeks during the growing season.) The cause which produces a diseased tree suffering from die-back has not been completely proved from an exper- imental standpoint. Observations of all workers, however, seem to indicate that it is the burning off of the root hairs or root feeders. Root hairs are the tender watery rootlets — soft and extremely delicate — by whose aid the plant draws food and water from the soil. These root hairs are very sensi- tive to heat and drought and if the soil — even though it be for a few days only — is permitted to become thor- oughly dried out, these small rootlets are killed, resulting in a tree suffering from die-back the following spring. Increasing soil fertility and neglect- ing the proper irrigation of the trees will work havoc in our orchards unless more attention is given to the proper use of water. By increasing fertility the number of root feeders is increased. The tree responds to this stimulus, forming a vigorous top which requires much moisture to maintain in a normal condition. If this supply of root feed- ers is all wiped out at one time, the tree undergoes a tremendous shock and the SEASHORE VACATION LAND Summer season fares to Clatsop Beach from all Northwest Points. Connections at Astoria for North Beach. Send for illustrated booklet on inexpensive outings. R. H. Crozier, A. G. P. A. THE NORTH BANK ROAD Portland, Oregon THE ORIGINAL Tliatt Does All Farm Work WITHOUT HORSES WHEN you begin to consider the purchase of a tractor, whether for a farm of 80 acres or more, there are a number of questions you will need to ask yourself before you buy. jHere are some of them: —Will it CULTIVATE as well as plow? Will it do ALL my farm work without horses? Will it work on plowed ground without packing the soil? Will it do the work Quicker; easier; and save on hired help ? Is it really a ONE-MAN tractor ? Will it handle a3 easily as a team of horses, rather than be too heavy, clumsy and inconvenient ? Do I ride on the tool where I can sec the work I am doing, or will I have to have someone run the tractor while I am operating the farm implement? Here is the tractor that answers these and all other farm power problems of the average farm most practically and profitably. A tractor that is heavy enough to do all farm work that horses will do, yet light enough to be handy and wcrk on plowed ground without packing your soil. ORIGINAL UNIVERSAL TRACTOR This is the original Two-Wheel Farm Tractor. It pulls two 14-in. plows; will disc, harrow, plant, CUL- TIVATE all hill and row crops, pull mower, binder, manure spreader, fill your silo — and do all belt work on the average farm. In fact, it will do anything you can do with horses; do it quicker, easier; and with less hired help. It weighs only 2800 lbs., but all its weight being on itsttwo wheels — all its weight is traction weight. The tool you hitch it to forms the rear wheels and you do not have to pull around a ton of needless weight. It will back up with tools attached easier than a team will back. You can turn around in a small space; get close to the rows and the fences. Write for Catal ^g Folder and read how farmers everywhere are solving the power and hired help problems on their farms. MOLINE PLOW CO. M .KL TheMotine Line includes: Corn Planters. Cotton Planters, Cultivators, Corn Binders, Grrin Cinders, Grain Drills. Harrows. Hay Loaders, Hay Rakes Lime Spreaders, Mowers. Manure Spreaders, Plows, (Chilled and Steel), Scales. Seeders. Stalk Cut- ters, Farm Truchs, Vehicles, Wagons. Alio STEPHENS SIX Automobiles gwfc. HARVESTING PLOWING iimi The big feature in motoring. An all -refinery gasolene — not a mixture. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (California) WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT /VP^ Page 16 BETTER FRUIT The IDEAL ALL-PURPOSE TRUCK for Orchardists, Dairymen and Farmers THE GARY ONE-TON Strong, Rugged, Capacious— specially adapted to farm purposes. The Gary Truck for year-round hauling will economically and satisfactorily solve your problems. Let our experts tell you how. Some "Gary" Features Buda Motors, Pierce Governors, Rear Axle-Sheldon Worm-Drive, Sheldon Springs —front and rear, Pressed and Heat treated Steel Frames, Master Carburetors with hot air connection, Eiseman High Tension Magnetos. Gary Sizes and Prices— aii f.o.b. Portland 1-ton size 1 '-ton size 2^ -ton size w3%-tonsize $1,395 $2,000 $2,200 $3,250 KOEHRING MACHINE CO.N.W. 254 Hawthorne Ave., Portland, Oregon Seattle, Wash., 1215 8th Ave. Spokane, Wash., 806 3rd Ave. LESLIE BUTLER. President TRUMAN BUTLER. Vice President C. H. VAUGHAN, Cashier Established 1900 Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Capital $100,000.00 4% Interest Paid in our Savings Department WE GIVE SPECIAL ATTENTION TO GOOD FARM LOANS If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or if you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY July transpiration, which occurs in the por- tion of the tree above ground quickly drains the tree of available moisture and food. Most trees suffering from die-hack make a slight growth in the spring. This feeble start consumes all of the stored-up food and moisture, and as there are no more root feeders to supply more food and moisture growth stops. The result is that the tree dies back until it can reorganize its feeding system. There are a good many orchards in the valley which are just on the edge of a die-back condition. A close ob- server can detect this condition by a few simple warnings given out by the trees before a serious condition has been reached. The writer has observed three which have proven good indi- cators and which are worthy of con- sideration. (1) Trees which have burned badly in the delayed dormant spray. (2) Dying and dropping of the fruit buds (before the pink stage is reached) on trees that appear fairly vigorous. (3) Premature yellowing and dropping of foliage in early fall. All of these indicators could be due to some other disorder than drought, but as a general rule drought condition could be suspected. We are now more than ten inches behind in normal rainfall and for this reason irrigation should be started at once, especially in the orchards that are in cover crops. This article has been written in the hope that it might bring to the grower the serious results that will continue if As it is — TRUE -that— Caro Fibre FRUIT WRAPPERS Prolong the Life -OF— Apples You who Grow Apples with great Expense should Dress them Warm and Attractively. Use Your Brains to Wrap Your Fruit. Give Your Apples a Fair Show. Get the Top Price. The Apple Buyer knows Caro Fibre — Wouldn't You Pay a little more for a box of apples if you knew that it Would Keep Longer. If Your Shipper Doesn't Use Caro Fibre Fruit Wrappers he is not giving your fruit a Fair Show Union Waxed & Parchment Paper Co. MANUFACTURERS F. B. DALLAM, Pacific Coast Representative 417 Market Street San Francisco, California WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT irrigation is neglected. During the past two years this neglect has cost Hood River many trees and many thousands of dollars. Unlike some of our plant diseases and insect pests, remedial measures lie in the hands of the orchardist and of him alone. This remedy is the proper use of water. In the near future the writer will submit a few suggestions for the handling of trees that have become so diseased. BETTER FRUIT Page ij Increase Grape Yield by Spraying (U. S. Department of Agriculture) GRAPE insect enemies and diseases may be controlled and a good crop of the berries practically assured if a careful spraying schedule is carried out, say A. L. Quaintance of the Bureau of Entomology and C. L. Shear of the Bureau of Plant Industry of the United States Department of Agricul- ture. Owners of small orchards and vineyards do not suffliciently appre- ciate the fact, the specialists point out, that by the expenditure of a little time and money a large proportion of the fruit may be saved, repaying many times the trouble involved in its pro- tection. The principal insect enemies of the grape are the grape berry moth, the grape rootworm, the rose chafer, the grape-leaf folder, and the eight-spotted forester, all of which are eating in- sects; and the grape leafhopper and the brown grape aphis, sucking insects. The principal diseases which attack grapes are black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew and anthracnose. The use of combination spray solu- tions containing chemicals which act as insecticides or fungicides is advo- cated by the specialists. The following spray schedule is recommended: / ait&ri^t STEAM PRESSURE CANNING OUTFITS Housekeepers, farmerB, grow- ers--e very body can save and make money preserving meats, fruits and vegetables with a National Outfit. Makes cheap- est and toughest meat-cuts tender and delicious. Preserves fruits and vegetables without waste or spoilage. Use glass jars or cans. Simple -- safe -- economical. Outfits for home or larger. Write for details, stating what you will can and capacity ilesired. Northwestern Steel & iron Works 820 Spring St.,Eau Claire, Wis. Richeyft Gilbert Co. H.M.GILBERT.Presidentand Manager Grower! and Shippers of Yakima Valley Fruits and Produce SPECIALTIES: Apples, Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON Which? 6.to 8. PERDay NOT ONE CENT! Durir\^ tfye Surcvrwer the Samson Sieve -Grip Model S-25 can save you from $6 to $8 every day it does not work! The number of horses replaced by this tractor would cost that much to feed every day, whether working or not. Start making this saving RIGHT NOW by using a SAMSON Reg c* Pat U S. & Foreign Countrie* For stationary work the motor delivers its oower straight to the belt- pulley — not a gear in motion. Ask us how a Samson Sieve-Grip can benefit you— we'll send the catalog and "Samson Sittings" with our answer Two Sizes— Models S-25 and R-12 SAMSON SIEVE- GRIP TRACTOR CO., Stockton, California. J Ridley,HouIding & Co. COVENT GARDEN, LONDON Points to remember when consigning apples to the London Market 1— We Specialize in Apples 2 —All Consignments Receive our Personal Attention 3-The Fruit is Sold by Private Treaty CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING, LONDON Wilis WRI1 MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 18 BETTER FRUIT July BEFORE using Cement Coated Nails Western Cement Coated Nails for Western Growers Our Cement Coated Nails are always of uniform length, gauge, head and count. Especially adapted to the manufacture of fruit boxes and crates. In brief, they are the Best on the Market. Write for Growers' testimonials. Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. DENVER, COLORADO Pacific Coast Sales Offices Portland, Spokane, San Francisco Los Angeles AFTER use of C. F. & I. Co.' Cement Coated Nails The Cutler Fruit Grader IS an EFFICIENT and RELIABLE MACHINE which will lower the cost in your Packing House and relieve you from dependence on expert packers. It has proven a good investment in scores of up- to-date packing houses during the past five years. Order early if early delivery is desired. Send for Descriptive Literature and Prices. Cutler Fruit Grader Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON SUMNER VACATION TIME is Here. Low Round Trip Fares will be on sale to many points in Western Oregon. Mt. Jefferson Country Newport Beaches TillamooK County Beaches Coos Bay Country Crater LaKe Josephine County Caves Plan your trip now and secure copy of latest folder "Oregon Outdoors" from our local agent or write John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland SOUTHERN PACIFIC LINES SPRAY SCHEDULE First application: About a week be- fore the blossoms open or when the shoots are 12 to 18 inches long, spray with bordeaux mixture, 4-3-50, for fungus diseases, adding 2 to 3 pounds of arsenate of lead paste, or one-half that quantity of the powdered form, for flea-beetle, rose chafer, etc. Second application: Just after the blossoms fall, spray with the same materials as in the first application for the same fungus diseases and insects and for the grape berry moth, grape leaf folder, and adults of the grape rootworm. Third application: About two weeks later use bordeaux mixture 4-3-50, arse- nate of lead paste 2 to 3 pounds, 40 per cent nicotine sulphate 1 part to 1500 parts of the spray mixture, for fungus diseases, berry moth, light-spot- ted forester, grape leaf folder, brown grape aphis, grape rootworm, and grape leaf hopper. To destroy the leaf hop- per, direct the spray against the lower surface of the leaves. To control the berry moth thoroughly coat the grape bunches with the spray. Fourth application: About 10 days later, or when the fruit is nearly grown, if black rot or mildew are still appearing, spray with neutral copper acetate or verdigris at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons of water. Fruit Juices for Jelly Making Without Sugar Fruit juices for use later in jelly making can be sterilized and bottled without sugar and made into jellies at the housewife's convenience. This en- ables her to do with fewer jelly glasses and to distribute her purchases of sugar for jelly making through the year. Moreover, with the bottled juice she can make a greater variety of jellies, as juices which will not jell can be put up when the fruit is ripe and combined later with fruits that will jell, or fruits ripening at different seasons can be combined. For example, the juice of strawberries, cherries or pineapple can be kept without sugar and later when apples are plentiful can be made into combination jelly. From the unsugared sterilized juices of currants, apples, crabapples and grapes, kept from 9 to 18 months, the WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi7 Bureau of Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture, recently made jellies of excellent texture, flavor and color. To put up unsugared fruit juices for jelly making, proceed exactly as if jelly were to be made at the time. Cook the fruits until they are soft and strain out the juice through a flannel bag. Heat and pour while hot into bottles pre- viously scalded. Fill the bottles full, leaving no air space between juice and cork or seal. Place the filled sealed bottles on their sides in water near the boiling point, and keep them in the bath for about 30 minutes. Make sure that the corked or sealed end is under the hot water. As soon as the bottles are cool, cover the cork with a paraffine seal. Thorough sterilization and seal- ing are absolutely essential to success. To make jelly from the sterilized juice, test its jelling quality, add the proper amount of sugar, and proceed as in making jelly from freshly ex- pressed juice. Helping Fruit Growers and Shippers THE results of investigations carried on by the United States Department of Agriculture in the handling of North- western apples for and in cold storage have been so conclusive that this work may be considered as completed, ac- cording to the annual report of the Bureau of Plant Industry. The results brought out particularly the importance of picking apples of various varieties at the proper stage of maturity, of careful handling in all harvesting and storage operations, of prompt cooling, and of proper storage temperatures. During past seasons the growers have fre- quently suffered very large financial losses from either too early or too late harvesting of apples of certain varieties, such as Jonathan, Rome Beauty and others. The work has demonstrated clearly that the storage life of apples can be prolonged from weeks to months by picking at proper maturity, and has shown how the grower may know when his fruit is of proper maturity for best BETTER FRUIT Page 19 ORCHARD YARN Listen, Orchardists: Now is the time to tie your fruit trees. All limbs can be readily seen; the spurs are less easily broken off than later; the saving of time is considerable and yarn is probably as cheap as it will be this season. Orchard Yarn is the correct method of supporting trees and the saving of a few trees is worth the cost of the yarn for an entire orchard. Sold by all dealers. If they cannot supply you, please order direct from The Portland Cordage Company Portland, Oregon Seattle, Washington PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 6 & 7, 122 1 ! Grand Ave.. Portland. Oregon Wholesalers of Nursery Stock anrl Nursery Buppllee A very complete line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Shrubs, Vines, Etc. SPECIALTIES Clean Coast Grown Seedlinsrs Oregon Champion Gooseberries and Write Now Perfection Currant* Write Now You need a new SEPARATOR NOW st If you are still using some gravity or setting . = process of creaming— BECAUSE YOUR WASTE IS GREAT- est and quality of product poorest in mid-summer when the milk supply is heaviest. BECAUSE TIME IS OF GREATEST value on the farm at this season and the time and labor saving of the good separator counts for most. BECAUSE THE SKIM-MILK IS poorest without a separator in hot weather and often more harmful than helpful to calves. BECAUSE THE WORK OF A NEW De Laval Cream Separator is as per- fect and its product as superior with one kind of weather as with another. 2nd H you have a very old De Laval or an inferior = separator of any kind- BECAUSE THE LOSSES OF THE poor separator from incomplete skim- ming and the tainted product of the hard-to-clean and insanitary separa- tor are the greatest at this season. BECAUSE OF THE GREAT ECON- other, and you can not afford to waste time these busy days "fuss- ing" with a machine that ought to have been thrown on the junk-pile long ago. omy of time at this season in having a separator of ample capacity to do the work so much more quickly. BECAUSE THE NEW DE LAVAL IS so much simpler and more easily handled and cared for than any BECAUSE THE DE LAVAL SEPA- rator of today is just as superior to other separators as the best of other separators to gravity setting, and every feature of De Laval superiority counts for most during the hot sum- mer months. These are all facts every De Laval local agent is glad of the opportunity to prove to any prospective buyer. If you don't know the nearest De Laval agency simply write the nearest main office, as below. DE LAVAL DAIRY SUPPLY CO. LARGEST DAIRY SUPPLY HOUSE"ON THE PACIFIC COAST. Alpha Gasoline and Distillate Engines, Ideal Green Feed Silos, Acme Ensilage Cutters and Blowers, Irrigation Equipment, Centrifugal and Deep Well Pumps and Alpha Spraying Outfits. Send for speoial catalog. 61 BEALE STREET, SAN FRANCISCO 50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER TTIE only * pruner made that cuts from both sides of the limb and does not bruise the bark. Made in styles and sizes. All shears delivered free to your door. Write for circular and prices. Pittsburgh Perfect Cement f^QofgH NtlJlS are of the nj g hest standard The Heads don't come off. Given Preference by Largest Pacific Coast Packers MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY PITTSBURGH STEEL COMPANY, Pittsburgh, Pa. A. C. RULOFSON COMPANY, Pacific Coast Agents 359 Monadnock Building, San Francisco, California WHEN WRITING ADVBBTISHtS MENTI0 ' fKl IKU1T Page 20 BETTER FRUIT July a Adaptability and Speed on All Kinds of Work The "Silent Smith" typewriter is equally efficient, whether the work is specialized or diversified C Modern business demands typewriting, not only for correspondence, but for more complex work — billing, stencil writing, check writing, tabulating, label writing, card index work, filling in ruled forms. C. The "Silent" models of the L. C. Smith & Bros, type- writer, called "silent" because of the extremely small amount of noise in their operation, provide for this wide variety. C. The quickly interchangeable platen, the variable line spacer and the decimal tabulator make possible a great variety of work on one machine. The speed of all these operations is only limited by the speed of the operator. C. More information is given in our handsomely illus- trated catalog which is free for the asking. L. C. Smith & Bros. Typewriter Company Factory and Home Office : Syracuse, N. Y. Branches in all Principal Cities with greater or less rapidity until it goes into consumption; the tempera- tures maintained in transit determine to a great degree both the rate of ripen- ing and the development of fungi and other decay-producing organisms. The investigations during the past season have had mainly in view the improve- ment in refrigerator car equipment, especially as regards insulation and facilities for free air circulation. The results of the work thus far have shown that through certain modifications in the ice hunkers, through the use of racks, or false floors, and through bet- ter insulation, it is entirely practicable to increase the efficiency of refrigera- tion, and to haul larger loads of fruit than formerly and with a lesser ice consumption. The results are particularly of im- portance to the shippers in that they can obtain uniformly better refrigera- tion ultimately at a lesser cost. Prob- ably the most important development in connection with these investigations is the practicability of using small amounts of salt during the first two icings in cars with modified bunkers and racks to accomplish a quick cooling comparable with precooling in either warehouses or car-precooling plants, with practically no extra cost and no delays for precooling. Another import- ant factor is the fact that the fruit is subjected to no extra handling except the handling that is necessary to place it in the car as it is ordinarily loaded. It also makes possible the shipment of tree-ripened or more fully matured Scores of the most success- fruit-growers in the Pacific Northwest now recognize the ' need of an 104 A Fifth St results in storage. In connection with the investigations of the cold storage of Newtown apples in the Watsonville dis- trict in California, the most important discovery is without doubt the relation of tree vigor to keeping quality of fruit in storage. Experiments extending over two seasons have clearly shown a marked and consistent difference in the keeping quality of fruit from different trees, particularly trees that for any reason differ in vigor and general healthfulness. During the past season the possibilities of common or air- cooled storages in different sections were carefully investigated. The re- sults of these investigations have shown clearly the practicability of such stor- age and the economic saving resulting to the industry in the use of houses properly constructed and managed. The results of fruit-handling investi- gations during the past few seasons show that the most important factor in determining the condition of either fruits or vegetables in transit and after arrival on the market is the tempera- ture maintained in refrigerator cars during transportation. All fresh fruit is alive and the life activities continue , This silo and a few good cows i j will start you on the road to^ successful dairying. Write for FREE Silo Book. Address Dept. L. The Chas. K. Spaulding Logging Co. Salem, Ore. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT i 9 i7 BETTER FRUIT Page 21 fruit in good condition, thus supplying the consumer with a product possessing its maximum fine quality. In addition to outlining the work done in the interest of citrus fruit growers, and in lessening the losses from watermelon rot and developing better methods of handling muskmelons, the report mentions results obtained in dealing with diseases of deciduous tree fruits. Cedar rust on apples, it states, continues to attract considerable atten- tion and has been severe in certain localities. One of the striking things, however, in orchard pathology has been the fact that in many of the large com- mercial orchard districts of the eastern Appalachian Mountains, where cedar rust threatened the destruction of the value of the orchards, complete or par- tial eradication of the cedar trees in the vicinity of the apple orchards, usually within a radius of one mile, has com- pletely solved the problem in the most practical, simple and permanent way and at very slight expense. While the destruction of the red cedars is to be regretted, this tree in the vicinity of apple orchards has come to be a verita- ble pest tree, and where the cedar rust fungus has been peculiarly abundant the necessity for its destruction has been amply demonstrated by the re- peated experiences of the past few years. Practical field tests in perfecting the methods of control of apple bitter rot have been carried on in the Ozark sec- tion with very satisfactory results. Re- moval of cankers and diseased fruit, supplemented by spraying, reduced damage by the disease to two per cent on early varieties and one per cent on late varieties. The orchard in which these field tests were conducted had previously, despite our best efforts in c THE GOOD JUDGE UOIHSTHE ARlAY Attention, Fruit and Vegetable Growers CAN your Fruits, Vegetables, Meats and Fish in Sanitary Cans, with the H. & A. Steam Pressure Canning Outfits, built in Family, Orchard and Commercial size; seal the cans with the H. & A. Hand or Belt Power Double Seamer; they will save your perishable fruits and vegeta- bles at ripening time when nothing else will. Write for descriptive matter. Henninger & Ayes Mfg. Co. 47 S. First St., Portland, Ore. Nice Bright Western Pine FRUIT BOXES AND CRATES Good standard grades. Well made. Quick shipments. Carloads or less. Get our prices. Western Pine Box Sales Co. SPOKANE. WASH. 0U " N $50.00 oav __ PER EARN WITH TH« Gearlesi Improved Standard Well Drilling Machine Drills through any formation. Fire years ahead of any other. Has record of drilling 130 feet and drlrinit casing In 9 hours. Another record where 70 feet was drilled on 2'/j gallons distillate at 9c per gallon. One man can Electrically equipped for running nights. I :ob. Engine Ignition. Catalogue W - REIERSON MACHINERY CO.. Mlg .. 1295-97 Hood SI . Portland. Ore. COLONEL. PUT ME IN THE l_ RANKS OS ANY OTHER OLD~| PLACE, BUT SEE THAT VIE. L HAVE PLENTY OF"THE LITTLE [CHEW TH AT SATISFIES V.E HAVE A FOUR MONTHS SUPPLY I OF W-B CUT TOBACCO then.i'moo ', TO STAY W \ thisreqim 3'NG, ) ith ri *ent| WHEN men are drawn together in the army, you find out a lot about their likes and dislikes. It's always been a great place for the spread of W-3 CUT popularity. They show each other why you shouldn't take more than a little chew of W-B CUT. Every shred is chock full of sap; a big chew is too rich. They take to W-B CUT, strong: nothing is too good for our soldiers. Made by WEYMAN-BRUTON COMPANY, 1107 Broadway, New York City ECONOMY An oil cook-stove is cheaper to buy than a wood or coal stove and it's much cheaper to operate. Meals in a jiffy, and a cool kitchen ia summer. All the convenience of gas — economical for all the year 'round cooking. Bakes, broils, roasts, toasts. Steady, evenly-distributed heat, the best for cooking. The long blue chimneys prevent all smoke and smell. I n i, 2, 3 and 4 burner sizes, with or without ovens. Also cabinet models. Ask your dealer today. NEW PERFECTION OIL CffOJfrST OVE STANDARD OIL COMPANY • California) WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 22 BETTER FRUIT This Hood River Apple Storage House IS INSULATED WITH Cabot's Insulating "Quilt" at the lowest cost and with the greatest efficiency and permanence. Quilt is made of eel-grass, the fiber that will not rot. will not burn, will not harbor insects or ver- min. It make a thick cushion of dead air spaces that keeps out heat better than other insulators that cost much more and that are not permanent, sanitary or safe. One laver of Quilt Is equal in insulating power (by actual test) to forty or fifty layers of common building paper. It is easy to apply, low priced and never goes to pieces in the work. Send for sample of Quilt, with catalog and prices, to SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Manufacturing Chemists, Boston, Mass. or to the Northwest Distributors: S. W. R. DALLY, Globe Building, Seattle TIMMS, CRESS & CO., Portland Conserve Wood Preservative — preserves posts, planks and all other timbers. Cabot's Creosote Stains — for shingles, siding and other outside finish. United States Government Bureau of Standards tests show Cabot's Quilt more efficient than any other insulator, including cork board. Golden Gate Weed Cutter and Mulcher Farmers, order early if you want the Golden Gate Weed Cutter and Mulcher, as the demand this year will be great, as it not only cuts weeds, but kills them, and leaves finely pulverized top soil. Cuts any depth. Pre- vents evaporation by working under the soil without dis- turbing soil on top. Write for circular. C. G. SIGURD Capital Avenue and McKee Road, San Jose, California EW.BALTESAND COMPANY Printers • Binders Unexcelled facilities for the production of Catalogues, Book- lets, Stationery, Posters and Advertising Matter. Write us for prices and specifications. Out-of-town orders executed promptly and accurately. We print BETTER FRUIT. CORNER FIRST AND OAK STREETS PORTLAND, OREGON July spraying, lost from 10 to 2,"> per cent cacli year. Adjacenl orchards during the year lost about 50 per cent on early varieties and 2,"> per cent on the late varieties. The bacteria] spot on peach and plum lias not proved amenable to spray treat- ment. Experiments in controlling this disease by means of nitrate of soda applied to the soil were tried out on a large scale with complete success. The life history of the organism causing this disease is being studied. The work of the present year on stig- monose of fruits has given further con- firmation of the previous year's experi- ments and established the connection of certain insects with particular types of fruit spotting. Experiments on rosy aphis stigmonose have been carried out at Staunton, Virginia, and similar work has been carried on, in co-operation with the Bureau of Entomology, at Wenatchee, Washington. The work in Virginia has shown conclusively that much of the so-called "York" spot of the Eastern states is stigmonose due to insects. This type of disease is, there- fore, capable of control by spraying methods developed by the Bureau of Entomology. Experiments have been made in the control of this disease, and the first year's results of spraying show that the shipping qualities of the fruit from sprayed plats will stand up in shipment far better than the fruit from the unsprayed plats. Frank H. Lathrop has been appointed research assistant in entomology at the Oregon Agricultural College Experi- ment Station. He will conduct labora- tory and field work in entomology. Be sure to visit our special display at the Fremont, Nebraska, Tractor Dem- onstration, August 6th to 10th. Moline Plow Company, Moline, Illinois. — Adv. BUY AND TRY White River Flour MAKES Whiter, Lighter Bread WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT yitllllllllUUIIIIIUIKIIIIIIHIIIlilllllllUllllIIIKIIIIIIIIIIIItllllllllllllllll IJIH11I11I 1IIM 1 1 1 1 1 M lltl I It 1 1 1 J I IH II II I II H MM 1 1 1111 U 1 1) I M U II 1 1 1 II II I II M n I II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 U 1 1 < U 1 1 U 1 1 ( u L M l M 1 1 1 1 1 U 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 M 1 1 U Ur H I H M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 u 1 1 U 1 1 M 1 1 1 )1 ! 1 1 U M 1 1 1 1 r ^ 1 1 M J I ( f I i i ( f < 1 1 < M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 M Hi a — I The Ideal Fruit Grader | SIMPLICITY, ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY ABSOLUTELY NO BRUISING Two men, one an experienced machinest, the other an experienced cabinet maker, with many I years' practical experience in the fruit industry in Hood River, combined their mechanical skill and 1 | practical knowledge of fruit handling in perfecting a grading machine— a model of simplicity, economy and efficiency. There is no machinery — Nothing to get out of order or be fixed connected with the Ideal Fruit | | Grader. It is practically all wood. | The operation is simple, consisting of a belt for a conveyor, operated by electricity or gasoline | | engine, and short elastic belts, which move each apple in the proper bin from the belt conveyor. The Ideal Fruit Grader divides the crop into Extra Fancy, Fancy and C-grade, all at one time. The | Extra Fancy being divided into seven bins on one side, the Fancy into seven bins on the other side | | and the C-grade going into six bins at the end of the grader. Built for four sorters, the grader is 28 feet long and 9 feet wide; built for eight sorters, 32 feet long. In 1916 we packed 9,000 boxes with the Ideal Fruit Grader with two packers without the machine ever stopping once for repairs of any kind. Further detailed information, illustrated circulars and prices will be furnished upon request. IDEAL FRUIT AND NURSERY CO. HOOD RIVER, OREGON ^lUiiiJiMiiiHtuiMHimtuiHiiiMuiiutiinuuiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiitMmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiHiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i ■■ 111 1 tti iriii tiiij >■•■ i ■■■ iiicii i !•■■ ii till ■■! i iti ii ill iii i ii 111 1 1 1 1 it i ii riii iiiii ttt j iiitiiiii itin t ii i ■•iiriiu iiiiicin mi iriirici I III II 111 mi II till liT Pacific Coast Agents United States Steel Products Co. San Francisco Los Angeles Portland Seattle J.C.Pearson Co., inc. Sole Manufacturers Old South Bldg. Boston, Mass. PEARSON E A rnNHMV In buying is getting the V/V^m V/1YX X best value for the money, not alwavs In getting the lowest prices. PEARSON prices are right. DHESIVENESS £ ^."■"SE for PEARSON nails. For twenty years they have been making boxes strong. Now, more than ever. VI TAUTT TTV behind the goods is HiLiLADLLiX X X added value. Toucan rely on our record of fulfillment of every contract and fair adjustment of every claim. Is assured by our long experience In making nails to suit our customers' needs. We know what you want; we guarantee satisfaction. RIGIN ALIT Y £.ays 'excels^m 1 ta- tlon. Imitation's highest hope Is, to sometime (not now) equal Pearson — meantime l/ou play safe. ATISFACTION R S o NAILS A I L TRUE-TO-NAME Free From Pests That's what you want when you plant fruit trees. That's what you get when you order the O.&F.Unxld Brand Get our prices before planting this spring. Largest stock in the Northwest. All grown on virgin soil. Everything in fruit trees and a full line of Flowering Shrubs Roses, Shade and Ornamental Trees Ornamental and Fruit Nursery Co. Box 217 K WAPATO, WASH. Cat Jl*e will b. mail.d 1 1 .. iia.n r«|UMt. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT THE WORLD OUR ORCHARD gf^p* OUR ORCHARD ^X Steiiiiw ft Kelly I NEW YORK I TIW1&LY RTOUT blJTRIBUTI UNTRY P OTHER. FRUITJ OUR MARKET THE WORLD WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT Volume XII AUGUST, 1917 Number 2 Ps~ir~8^r»^r--i^r-f^r*{^r>{^r>^n^ ^^^^^t3^ct]ct]^^cOTc!3^[t]i SPECIAL FEATURES nut mi ihi iminii mi i n i mi iui ii in inn nm mum i ui i m uii tnnni i in i mi iin im i hi tin rnitin i mi 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 in nminHriii uu uuttniiimtii i m if ii^uiiiiui limn Grading Rules and Regulations for Washington, 1917. Distribution of the Strawberry Crop of 1915. Cities of Over 3,000 Population in Minnesota, Ohio and Louisiana that have not been sold carlots of apples from the Northwest direct. Estimates of the Apple Crop for Washington, Idaho, Oregon and Montana. Preserving Fruits and Vegetables by Drying. Bitter Pit; It's Cause and Control G 3° O BETTEB FRUIT PUBLISH [NG COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, BOOD RIVER, OREGON Subscription $1.00 per Year in the United States: Canada and Foreign, [ncluding Postage, $1.50. Single Copy 10 Cents Speedway's Crushing Tests Prove Hudson Super-Six Endurance Four Hudson Super-Six Specials raced at Cincinnati. All four finished in the prize money: First, in the Free-for-All; Second, Seventh and Ninth in the 250-mile classic. At Chicago on June 16, Ralph Mulford in a Hudson Super-Six Special broke the American speedway records for 150 and 200 miles. For 200 miles he averaged 104 miles an hour— faster than any car ever traveled such a distance before. Speedway racing is the most abusive of all motor tests. Every part of a car is subjected to manifold destructive stresses. It is endurance that counts most on the Speedway. Hudson Super-Six speed tests are in reality endurance tests. It is possible to build faster cars than the Hudson Super-Six Special, but the speedway record of 104 miles an hour for 200 miles, now held by a Hudson Super-Six Special, proves that endurance is more important. Our interest in racing is not so much to see how fast we can make the Hudson Super-Six. It is to demon- strate motor endurance. It would take too long, at ordinary driving speed, to demonstrate the endurance life of a Super-Six. The speedway in a few hours calls for all the stamina required in years of ordinary use. No other racing car of prominence so nearly resembles stock production as does the Hudson Super-Six. Prac- tically all of the notable racing cars, and particularly those against which the Hudson Super-Six Special has shown its superiority, were built especially for racing. They bear slight resemblance to the stock production of any factory. Their cost is usually so great that not more than two or three cars are ever built. The Hudson Super-Six is essentially a production car. The very qualities of endurance that are necessary in racing are the qualities you should demand in the car you buy. It guarantees safety, low maintenance cost and long service. You can get a Hudson Super-Six in any body type you may desire. There are eight designs to choose from. The carriage detail matches the high quality of the chassis construction. Phaeton, 7-passenger $1650 Tourine Sedan . $2175 Town Car Landaulet .$3025 Speedster, 4-passenger 1750 Town Car . . . 2925 Limousine . . . 2925 Cabriolet, 3-passenger 1950 (All prices f. o. b. Detroit) Limousine Landaulet . 3025 HUDSON MOTOR CAR COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1 9 1 7 BETTER FRUIT Page 3 Mathews Gravity Conveyers FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CANNERS AND PACKERS MADE ENTIRELY OF STEEL NEAT - LIGHT - DURABLE - SANITARY Manufactured by the Originators and Designers of the First Steel, Bali-Bearing Gravity Conveyer Portable Roller Conveyer Units To the right is shown a typical eight- foot unit. Rollers are spaced to suit sizes of packages to be handled. Diam- eter of rollers, 2% inches, cut from cold-drawn, seamless steel tubing, fitted with case-hardened, detachable ball bearings and full-length axles. Lock bars hold all rollers rigidly in place, eliminating use of nuts. Frame rails are of flat bar steel, rigidly braced crosswise and lengthwise. Whole unit construction is strong, neat, compact, and capable of giving almost unlimited service. Reversible Curves General construction same as straight units. Curves can be made to direct conveyer lines in any desired direction to fit special conditions or requirements. See illustration to left showing typical 90° curve. Automatic Straight-Lift Elevator Automatic Inclined Elevator Gravity Roller Spiral Spiral Chutes, Etc. These are useful in providing con- tinuous routing of packages between floors, designed to connect up with gravity conveyer lines. The Famous Mathews Gravity Wheel Conveyer (Manufactured under exclusive patent.) [•-*— .+rr,^. A Light, Strong Conveyer — Ideal for Conveying Boxes of Uniform Size. Made in portable straight and curved units same as Roller Conveyer. Both styles of conveyers can be used portably or installed permanently to conform to any desired routing plan. IMPORTANT NOTICE Expert advice and personal service can be had on short notice, by addressing one of our nearest Coast agents. This service is free and without obligation. We are also prepared to ship all orders for standard roller and wheel conveyer units promptly. Mathews Gravity Carrier Co. Factories: Ellwood City, Pa.; Toronto, Ont.; London, Eng. Address or wire inquiries to our nearest Coast sales office. Spokane — Hofius Steel & Equipment Co. Wenatchee — Wells & Wade. Seattle — W. R. Hendrey Co., 313 Hoge Bldg. San Francisco — Mailler Searles, Monadnock Bldg. Los Angeles — John F. Willard, 315 Broadway. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENU- I SI FRUIT Page 4 BETTER FRUIT THE ORIGINAL August That Does All Farm Work WITHOUT HORSES When you come to buying a tractor, whether for a farm of 80 acres, 280 acres or more, there are a number of questions ycu will need to ask yourself before you buy. Here are some of them: — Will it CULTIVATE as well cs plow? — Will it do ALL my farm work without horses? — Will it work on plowed ground without packing the soil? — Will it do the work quicker; easier; and save on hired help? —Is it really a ONE-MAN tractor ? — Will it handle as easy as a team cf horses, rather than be too heavy, clumsy, and inconvenient? — Do I ride en the tool where I can see the work I am doing, cr will I have to have someone run the tractor while I cm operating the farm implement? The tractor that answers these and all other farm power problems most practically and profitably is the ORIGINAL NOUN! UNIVERSAL TRACTOR This is the original Two-Wheel Farm Tractor. It pulls two 14-in. plows; will disc, harrow, plant, CULTIVATE all hill and row crops, pull mower; binder, manure spreader, fill your silo — and do all belt work on the average farm. In fact, it will do anything you can do with horses; do it quicker; easier; and with less hired help. It weighs only 2,800 lbs., but all its weight being on its two wheels — all its iveigkt is traction weight. The tool you hitch it to forms the rear wheels and you do not have to pull around a ton of needless weight. It will back up with tools attached easier than a team will back. You can turn around in a smallspace; get close to the rows and the fences. It is the ideal tractor for the farmer because it costs less than four horses; is as powerful as five horses; does more work than seven horses; is inexpensive to operate; and eats only when it works. Write for our new Tractor Catalog and read how farmers everywhere are solving the powerand hired help problems on their farms; how they are changing the drudgery of farming to a profit- able pursuit. Learn how you can make your work easier and get it done on time and grow bigger, better crops. Write today. MOLINE PLOW CO, M %nk£ ilu The Moline Lino includes: Corn Planters, Cotton Planters, Cultivators. Corn Binders. GraiD Binders, (Iroin Drills, Harrows, Hay Loaders, Hay Rakes, Lime Spreaders Mowers, Manure Spr.'.-nliTs, l't<>ws I'hillw] an. I SiopIj. Readers, Settles, Seeders. Stalk Cutters, Farm Trucks. Vehicles, Wagon*. Also Stephens Six Automobiles WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING Washington Grading Rules and Regulations for 1917 [Adopted under authority of Section 17, Chapter 166, Session Laws 1915.] First Grade, Grade No. 1 or Extra Fancy Apples are defined as sound, smooth, mature, clean, hand-picked, well-formed apples only, free from all insect pests, diseases, blemishes, bruises and other physical injuries, scald, scab, scale, dry or bitter rot, worms, worm stings, worm holes, spray burn, limb rub, visible water core, skin puncture or skin broken at stem, but slight rus- seting within the basin of the stem will be permitted. Second Grade, Grade No. 2 or Fancy Apples are defined as apples complying with the requirments for first-grade apples, except that slight sunscald or other blemishes not more than skin deep shall be permitted up to a total of 10 per cent of the surface of the apple. Third Grade, Grade No. 3 or C Grade Apples shall include all remaining apples free from infection excepting that two stings to each apple shall be permitted, and if shipped in closed packages shall be marked "Third Grade or C Grade." Combination Grade may also include all other apple varieties not provided for in first and second grades. When second and third grade apples are packed together the packages must be marked "Combination Second and Third Grade." When first, second and third grade apples are packed together, the package must be marked "Orchard Run," but orchard-run packages must not contain any apples that would not meet the requirements of third grade. Summer and early fall varieties: Summer varieties such as Astrachan, Bailey's Sweet, Beitigheimer, Duchess, Early Harvest, Red June, Strawberry, Twenty Ounce Pippin, Yellow Trans- parent and kindred varieties not other- wise specified in these grading rules, together with early fall varieties such as Alexander, Blue Pearmain, Wolf River, Spokane Beauty, Fall Pippin, Waxen, Tolman Sweet, Sweet Bough and other varieties not provided for in these grading rules, as grown in sec- tions of early maturity, shall be packed in accordance with the grading rules covering Fancy Grade as to delects but regardless of color. The following varieties shall be ad- milted to the Extra fancy and Fancy grades, subject to the color require- ments herewith specified: sol.il) RED VARIETIES / i Ira Fancy Fai Aiken Red 75% 25% Arkansas Black 75% 25% Baldwin 75% 25' Black Urn Davis 7.".% 25% Gano 75% 25% King Duvid 75% 25% Extra Fancy Fancy Spitzenberg (Esopus) 75% 25% Vanderpool 75% 25% Wlnesap 75% 25% Black Twig 50% 15% Mcintosh Red 50% 15% STRIPED OR PARTIAL RED VARIETIES Delicious 66%% 15% Jonathan 66%% 15% Stayman 66%% 15% Ben Davis 50% 10% Hubbardston 50% 10% Ceniton 50% 10% Missouri Pippin 50% 10% Northern Spy 50% 10% Rainier 50% 10% Rome Beauty 50% no color Snow 50% 10% Wagener 50% 10% Wealthy 50% 10% York Imperial 50% 10% Oravenstein 25% 10% •'efTrey 25% 10% King of Tompkins County 25% 10% RED CHEEKED OR BLUSHED VARIETIES Perceptibly blushed cheek; tinge color. Hydes King. Maiden Blush. Red Cheeked Pippin. Perceptibly blushed cheek; characteristic color. Winter Banana. YELLOW OR GREEN VARIETIES Extra Fancy — Characteristic color. Fancy — Characteristic color. Crimes Golden. Yellow Newtown. Cox's Orange Pippin. Ortley. White Winter Pearmain. Y'ellow Bellefleur. Northwestern Greening. Rhode Island Greening. All apples packed otherwise than according to the foregoing rules shall be accompanied by a printed descrip- tion of the contents on each package. The term "worm stings," as used in the above rules, shall be interpreted to mean "healed-over stings," as the heal- ing over of the sting is the only evi- dence we have to show that the so- called sting is not infected. Grading rules recommended by regu- larly elected delegates to the Apple Grade and Pack Conference held in Spokane, November 25th, 1916, and adopted by the Advisory Board of the State Department of Agriculture, Janu- ary 11th, 1917. APPLE PACK No. Style of Pack in Box 2\1 diagonal pack 5x5 long, 3-ller deep.. 45 2x1 diagonal pack 5x6 long, 3-tier deep.. 50 2x2 diagonal pack 3x3 long, 4-tier deep.. 48 2x2 diagonal pack 3x4 long, 4-tier deep. . 58 2x2 diagonal park t\t long, 4-tier deep.. 6 I 2x2 diagonal pack 4x5 long, 4-tier deep. . 72 2x2 diagonal pack 5x5 long, 4-tier deep.. 80 2x2 diagonal pack 5x6 long, l-tier deep.. 88 2\2 diagonal pack 6x6 long, 4-tier deep.. 96 2x2 diagonal pack 6x7 long, l-tier deep. . 104 2x2 diagonal pack 7x7 long, 4-tier deep.. 112 2x2 diagonal pack 7\8 long. 4-tler deep.. 120 3x2 diagonal pack l\.", long, 5-tler deep., 113 3x2 diagonal pack . r >\5 long. 5-tler deep 3x2 diagonal pa.k 5x6 long, 5-tler deep. . 138 :\2 diagonal pack 6x8 long. 5-tler deep. 160 3x2 diagonal pack 6x7 long, 5-tIei deep,. 1113 3x2 diagonal pack 7x7 long, 5-tler deep.. 1 7f. :i\2 diagonal pack 7xs long. 5-tler deep., 188 3x2 diagonal pack 8x8 long, 5-tler deep. . 2011 3x2 diagonal pack 8x9 long, .", tier deep. . 213 ■tralght pack x long, 5-tler deep 200 '. straight pack 9 long, 5-tler deep, 225 The standard size of an apple box shall be 18 inches long, 11% inches wide, 10% inches deep, inside measure- ment. Dimensions of apple-box materials: Ends— %xl0%xll%, 2 pieces 20 to bundle Sides — :i s xl0i._.xl9%, 2 pieces 40 to bundle T. & B.— i 4 x5Vixl9%, 4 pieces... 100 to bundle Cleats— %x%xll%, 4 pieces 100 to bundle 32 6d nails commonly used per box. RULES FOR ESTIMATING PAPER AND CARDBOARD Apples Pears Peaches lbs. lbs. lbs. Wraps for packing 100 bxs 50 50 25 Lining for packing 100 bxs 71 Cardboard for packing 100 boxes 16 RULES FOR USE OF PAPER Apples — Use 8x8 for 188-200-213-225 packs. Use 9x9 for 175-163-150-138-125-113 packs. Use 10x10 for 112-104-100-96-88 packs. Use 11x11 for 80-72-64-56 packs. Use 12x12 for 50-48-41-36-32 packs. Pears — Use 8x8 for 210-228-245 packs. Use 9x9 for 193-180-165 packs. Use 10x10 for 150-135-120-110-100 packs. Use 11x11 for 90-80-70-60 packs. Peaches — Use 8xS for 96-90 packs. Use 9x9 for 84-78-72-65-60 packs. Use 10x10 for 55-50-45 packs. Use 11x11 for 40-36 packs. Cement-Coated Nails, per keg — id, 55,000; 5d, 39,700; 5y 2 d, 31,000; 6d, 23,600. [Section 15, Chapter 166, Session Laws 1916.] It shall be unlawful for any person to import into this state, sell, barter, or otherwise dispose of or ofTer for sale or have in his possession for the purpose of sale or barter any fruit which is or has been infected with peach mildew, peach-twig borer, San Jose scale or other insect pests or the larvae of the codling moth or peach-twig borer, and the fact that any fruit bears the mark of any such scale insect or is worm eaten by any such larvae, shall be con- clusive evidence that the fruit is in- fected, within the meaning of this sec- lion, provided that nothing in this sec- tion shall be construed to prevent the grower of such infected fruit grown within the Stale of Washington from manufacturing the same into a by- product or selling and shipping the same to a by-product factory. The Orchardist'a Opportunity To every owner of an orchard which is not yet in heavy hearing, there is offered an unusual opportunity. In some orchards from one lo five years of age tilled crops can be grown to good advantage. Potatoes, beans, cab- bage, squash, cauliflower, Broccoli and tomatoes are among the best lo be planted. Berries, sue h as strawberries, are also good. By regulating the work some of these crops may he planted in early spring, some in July and some even in the early fall. Strips of vetch and ha) can also he grown to advan- I'ti^e 6 BETTER FRUIT August tage, but where this is done ships should be left close to the trees and given good tillage. Where hogs are kept on the place large quantities of turnips, such as Cowhorn and Aberdeen and vetch may be planted. Vetch seed should lie drilled in the latter part of July to make good Feed for the fall and early winter. In orchards from six to eight years of age which have not yet reached heavy bearing, grain and hay crops are preferred to horticultural crops unless the trees are undersized and do not show sufficient visor. Main orchards at this age show too much vigor and have a tendency to produce too much wood, and then the handling of a srain crop will lend to harden the trees and cause them to produce fruit buds. Bar- ley and oats are two of the best grains to consider. Narrow strips may he left (lose to the trees and tilled, but if the trees are unusually vigorous no tillage of these strips is desired. Oat hay would he a very desirable crop to pro- duce. As a summer crop drill in large quantities of turnips, rape and vetch to be used as hog feed. If desired the barley can be easily harvested by hogs. — C. I. Lewis, Chief of Division of Horticulture, Oregon Agricultural Col- lege, Corvallis, Oregon. Washington Fruit Crop Report, July, 1917 Department of Agriculture, Division of Horticulture, Olympia, Washington IX collecting the data for this report, the District Inspectors and their deputies in their various districts, have very carefully studied the conditions before making their estimates. They have consulted with growers, shippers and representatives of various organi- zations, who have given them much valuable assistance which has aided us in getting as accurate an estimate of the crop prospects as possible. In October, 1910, the entire Northwest was visited by a freeze which in some places did a considerable damage to unpicked fruit. Trees in many places show the results of the freeze by being badly killed back. Based upon the excessive bloom of this season reports were given out predicting a very heavy crop of all tree fruits, but due to cold, unseason- able weather at blossoming time, indi- cations show a poor pollenization which was followed by an extra heavy "June drop." The season has been cold and backward, the blooming period being about thirty days late. Thorough spraying for the control of the codling moth and apple scab in infected sec- tions is being done. Yakima Valley District The Yakima Valley district, including the Counties of Yakima, Kittitas and Benton, promises about the same yield as in 1916. The blight is active in some parts of the valley and it may shrink the present estimates somewhat. The estimate from this district, in carloads, is as follows: Yakima County — North Yakima . . . Selah and Naches Zillah Grandview Sunnysidc Benton County Kittitas County Totals 8,802 Wenatchee District The Wenatchee district comprises Chelan, Okanogan, Douglas and Grant Counties. In 1916 in this district there were 1,962,870 trees five years of age or older. The number reaching five years of age in 1917 is 340,769, making a total of 2,203,639 trees five years old or older. About 4,000 acres, or 320,000 trees, have been abandoned or taken out, leaving a total of 1,883,630 trees of bearing age in 1917. The average yield per tree for the past four years has been: Boxes Year Per Tree 1913 3.05 1914 3.00 1915 2.65 1916 2.41 Making a four-year average of 2.71 boxes per tree. Present indications give an estimated crop of about the same vield as 1916, hence figuring 1,883,630 trees at 2.41 boxes per tree and 650 boxes per car- load, it gives a total of 6,983 carloads for 1917. Walla Walla District The Walla Walla Valley promises a normal crop. The "June drop" did not seem to be as heavy in this section, and District Inspector C. W. Gilbreath re- ports a probable shipment from that section of the following numbers of carloads: A Asotin County Columbia County Garfield County Walla Walla County Snake River section of Whitman County. . Totals cherries, 6 of peaches, 8 of pears, 45 of prunes, and 2 of quince. About the first of August another re- port will be issued in which we hope to give further detailed data regarding the estimated fruit crop, and also some in- formation as to the planted acreage of potatoes, beans, peas and corn. Many of the leading commercial vegetables will be included. In some sections some fruits still continue to drop, but by August 1st this condition will have ended, and when the crop is normal growers will have the crop thinned, so that we hope to get a close estimate of the crop. In comparison with the 1916 crop the estimates are as follows: 1916 1917 Curlnufls Carloads Apples 1 6,955 1 6,925 Pears 1,639 1,217 Peaches 1,265 1,946 Grapes 25 30 Prunes 511 650 Apricots 87 165 Cherries 213 .177 Strawberries 394 300 Other berries 417 110 Estimates for Other Northwestern States Hood River 1,200 cars Western and Southern Oregon 1,000 cars Eastern Oregon 300 cars Idaho 2,000 cars Montana 500 cars [Editor's Note: It must be taken into con- sideration the data for the State of Washington was furnished the inspectors during the month of June. This early in the year it is very ditli- cult to estimate very accurately, as every fruit- grower knows from experience. While the total tonnage from these figures amounts to 21,955 cars, the editor rather inclines to the opinion that the total crop of commercial apples of the Northwest will be nearer around IX, 000 cars. This figure may be increased or decreased later in the season, in accordance with the development of fruit, that may or may not suffer seriously by loss from disease or pest. At the present time it is too early to estimate how serious the damage may be later, either from fungus or codling moth.] pples Cherries Peaches Pears Prunes 15 80 60 10 25 175 2 15 3 5 15 6 45 5 10 325 30 10 10 250 10 50 75 15 15 540 168 205 38 305 Spokane District The weather conditions are respon- sible for the heavy shrinkage of the fruit crop in the eastern part of the state, yet we occasionally find an orchard in that section which has a full crop. The reports from District Inspector H. W. Samson of Spokane indicate that Ferry, Lincoln, Pend Oreille, Spokane, Stevens and Whitman 1 pples Peaches Pears Prunes C.h erries Apricots 250 225 42 40 2,200 100 100 10 14 2,100 900 490 111 35 1,150 75 25 10 16 200 45 10 6 4 472 225 121 2 7 t 180 1,595 971 187 116 Counties will not ship to exceed 600 carloads of all fruits in 1917. The quality promises to be good. In Klickitat County it is estimated that there will be 150 cars of apples, 15 of peaches, 100 of prunes, and 5 of pears. In Skamania County there will prob- ably be 30 carloads of apples. In King County there will probably be about 100 carloads of apples, 30 of Seeks Far East Markets To help American fruit shippers obtain Pacific outlets for their pro- ducts during the coining season, the Office of Markets and Bural Organiza- tion is sending a representative to China, Japan, Australia, the Philippines and Eastern Siberia to investigate the marketing of American fruit in these countries. The need of expanding the Pacific outlet is made evident by the closing, practically, of the English and Scan- dinavian markets to which the United States has previously forwarded large quantities of fruit, particularly apples and pears. The representative, Anson Penfield Bateham, special investigator in foreign fruit markets, sailed from Vancouver June 7. The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, of the Department of Commerce, and the Consular Service, of the Department of State, will co-operate with the Office of Markets and Rural Organization in the investigation through the commer- cial attaches and the various consular officers in the countries to be visited. 19 1 7 BETTER FRUIT Page 7 More Information On Fruit Distribution By E. H. Shepard, Editor Distribution of apples in the North- west, showing cities of over 3,000 population in Minnesota, Ohio and Louisiana that have not been sold apples from the Northwest in carlots. Exery subscriber of Better Fruit will recall the article appearing in the in the July edition on the "Distribution of the Apple Crop of the Northwest," showing the towns and cities which had been sold apples in carlots direct, giving the percentage of the total num- ber of towns sold in the United States — or, in other words, there are 35,085 towns of over 3,000 population, of which 611 have been sold in carlots direct. A list of the towns sold appears in the July edition. Space will not per- mit in Better Fruit the publication of all of the towns not sold in the United States, but as an example we publish a list of the towns not sold of over 3,000 in Minnesota, Ohio and Louisiana. In Minnesota there are 34 towns of over 3000 population, of which 13 have been sold, 31 not sold; in Ohio 117 towns of over 3,000 population, of which 10 have been sold, 107 unsold; in Louisiana there are 22 towns of over 3,000 popu- lation, of which 4 have been sold and 18 not sold. These three states are a fair example of sections — Minnesota being one of the Northwestern States, Ohio a Middle State and Louisiana one of the Southern States. Similar conditions prevail in nearly all of the other states. Comparatively few apples are grown in the State of Minne- sota. Ohio has a large number of man- ufacturing towns, which are very pros- perous. Louisiana is a Southern State, where apples are not grown, most of the fruit being citrus. The large quan- tity of apples consumed in New Orleans shows that people in sections where citrus fruits are produced desire apples just the same. Every one of the South- ern States should be a good market for Northwestern apples if properly worked. The list of towns, as given below, are taken from the Ameri- can Newspaper Annual and Directory, Copvright Edition 1917, published by N. W. Ayer & Son, Philadelphia : Minnesota Anoka Ely Fairmont Hastings International Falls Lake City Marshall Montevideo New Duluth Xorthflelfl Pipestone Princeton St. Peter Two Harbors Waseca Austin Kemidji Chisholm Cloquet Eveleth Faribault Little Falls New Ulm Owatonna Red Winn South St. Paul Hibbing Mankato Rochester Stillwater Virginia Ohio Barnesville Bridgeport Bryan Byesville Celina Crestline Crooksville Dennison Eaton Elmwood Place Greenfield Gukksbiri Keetibua Lisbon Lockland Logan London Marysville Miamisburg Middleport Mingo Junction Napoleon New Lexington Oberlin Orrville Pomeroy l'oit Clinton Sebring Shelby Toronto I'hrichsvillc Ohio — Cont'd Upper Sandusky \\ adsworth Wauseon Wilmington Ashland Athens Bellevue Bowling Green Bucyrus Circleville Cuyahoga Falls Defiance Delaware Delphos Dover East Palestine Galion Gallipolis Greenville Jackson Kent Kenton Martins Ferry Nelsonville New Philadelphia Niles Norwalk Painesville Ravenna St. Marys Salem Struthers Troy Urbana Van Wert Wapakoneta Washington Wellston Wellsville Wooster Xenia Alliance Barberton Bellaire Cambridge Chillicothe Conneaut Distribution of strawberries in carlots in Oregon and Washington. The total number of strawberries re- ported shipped by the government from Oregon during the year 1915 was 193 cars; from Washington 142 cars. The following is a list of the cities to which carlots were sold direct in 1915, show- ing the destination of 191 cars, which probably includes only the full carlot shipments, not including less-than-car- lot shipments, local shipments and home consumption, or the strawberries going to the canneries. Forty-six towns were sold in carlots in the year 1915: Cars Cars Billings, Mont 4 Livingston, Mont... 1 Bismarck, N. D.... 2 Minneapolis, Minn. .15 Ohio— Cont'd Coshocton East Cleveland Elryia Findlay Fostoria Fremont Ironton Lancaster Massillon Middletown Mount Vernon Piqua Sidney Tiffin Warren Ashtabula East Liverpool Hamilton Lima Lorain Mansfield Marion Norwood Portsmouth Sandusky Steuhenville Zanesville Springfield Louisiana Donaldsonville Franklin Jennings Kentwood Minden Opelpusas Plaquemine Ruston Thibodaux Crowley Gretna Houma Lafayette Morgan City New Iberia Baton Rouge Bogainsa Monroe Brandon, Man 6 Butte, Mont 16 Calgary, Alta 1 Cheyenne, Wyo 1 Chicago, HI 11 Crookston, Minn... 4 Deadwood, S. D 3 Denver, Col 2 Detroit, Mich 3 Devils Lake, N. D. . 1 Duluth, Minn 7 Edmonton, Alta.... 1 Fargo, N. D 7 Grafton, N. D 5 Grand Forks, N. D. 8 Grand Island, Neb. 1 Great Falls, Mont. . :i Helena, Mont 3 Kansas City, Mo.... 2 Laramie, Wyo 1 Lewiston, Mont.... 2 Lincoln, Neb 3 Moosejaw, Sask. ... 1 Omaha, Neb 10 Pocatello, Idaho.... 4 Portage La Prairie. Man 2 Rugby, N. D 1 St. Louis, Mo 1 St. Paul, Minn 6 Salt Lake. Utah 2 Saskatoon, Sask.... 1 Sioux City, Iowa. . . 5 Sioux Falls, S. D... 2 Springfield, 111 2 Staples, Minn 1 Thief River Falls, Minn 3 Valley City, N. D... 1 Vancouver, B. ('... . . 1 Wahpeton, N. D 1 Watertown, S. D. .. 8 Winnipeg, Man 25 Yorkton, Sask 1 The strawberry crop of the United States and Distribution of strawber- ries from the Northwest. The following statistics show the number of carloads of strawberries shipped from every stale in the Union where strawberries are grown in quan- tity. It must be borne in mind that I hi' number of cars in some sl;iies. :is re- ported, includes less-than-carload ship- POWER PUMPS If your day is still measured by so many trips to the well or cistern, heed the message the gasoline engine and Myers Pumps brings, and quit working a pump handle every day of your life. Be fully prepared for the hot, dry weather — Get a MYERS POWER PUMP or PUMPING JACK and give your engine steady employment, then you will have an efficient, economical, labor saving plant that will furnish water for your home, for stock, for dairy, for fighting fires, sprinkling and many other purposes. 25,000 MYERS POWER PUMPS sold last year indi- cates their popularity. You can make a choice from many styles and sizes — all shown in our catalog, Myers Pumps for Every Purpose. If interested, write. Our Service Department solves your pumping problems free — take advantage of it .MYERS fit BRO. 120 orange st ASH LAND OHIO. APPLES GINOCCHIO-JONES FRUIT CO. Kansas City, Mo. Apples, Pears Prunes, Fruits 32 Years Our Record ments, and in other states the number of cars sold does not include less-than- carload shipments, local distribution and home consumption. However, the figures give an approximate idea of the total number of strawberries produced in each stale. Strawberries are grown in quantity in twenty-eight states in the Union, a little over half. The total quantity of strawberries produced in the United States is approximately 13,189 cars. The figures are compiled by the Department of Agriculture, in the Office of Markets, Rural Organiza- tion. About one-half of the states pro- duce more than Oregon and Washing- ton. The statistics in this article were compiled on the 1915 crop: Cars Alabama 251 Arkansas 715 California 418 Colorado 9 Connecticut .... 38 Delaware 1 169 Morula 508 Illinois liij-J Indiana 1 7 1 Iowa 52 Kansas L6 Kentucky Louisiana 1 lull Maryland 1942 Massachusetts . Ilia Michigan :II7 Mississippi 169 Cars Missouri 645 \< w Hampshire. 1 New .lersay 516 Ne« York 196 North Carolina . 837 Ohio 34 Oregon (Hood R.i 193 i viinsvh ania . . 81 South Carolina . 81 South Dakota . . 1 Tennessee i 159 Texas 285 i tah 4 Virginia 610 Washington .... 112 \\ Isconsin 41 Total 13,189 Page 8 BETTER FRUIT August Home Drying of Vegetables and Fruit U. S. Department of Agriculture DRY vegetables and fruits for winter use if tin cans and glass jars for canning are scarce or expensive. This is the advice of specialists of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, who re- cently have studied the possibilities of conserving food to meet war needs in spite of any difficulties that may be experienced in obtaining canning con- tainers. Drying was a well recognized and successful way of preserving cer- tain foods before canning came into general use, the specialists point out, and modern methods make it still more practicable than formerly, either in the home or by community groups. Three methods of drying have been found by the Department specialists to give satisfactory results. These are sun drying, drying by artificial heat, and drying with air blasts, as before an electric fan. Trays for drying by any one of these methods, as well as tray frames for use over stoves or before fans, can be made satisfactorily at home. Frames and trays for use with artificial heat may be purchased com- plete if desired. Home-made trays may be made of side and end boards three-fourths of an inch thick and two inches wide, and bottom boards of lathing spaced one- fourth of an inch. If desired, one- fourth-inch galvanized wire mesh may be tacked to the side and end boards to form the bottoms of the trays. Frames for use before fans may be made of wood of convenient size. Frames for use with artificial heat should be made of non-inflammable material to as great an extent as possible. As many as six trays may be placed one above the other when artificial heat is used. In drying before a fan the number of trays that may be placed one above the other will depend, to a large extent, upon the diameter of the fan. In drying in the sun, trays as described may be used or the products to be dried may be spread on sheets of paper or muslin held in place by weights. Vegetables and fruits will dry better if sliced. They should be cut into slices one-eighth to one-fourth of an inch thick. If thicker, they may not dry thoroughly. While drying, the pro- ducts should be turned or stirred from time to time. Dried products should be packed temporarily for three or four days and poured each day from one box to another to bring about thorough mixing, and so that the whole mass will have a uniform degree of moisture. If during this "conditioning" any pieces of the products are found to be too moist, they should be returned to the trays and dried further. When in con- dition, the products may be packed per- manently in tight paper bags, insect- proof paper boxes or cartons, or glass or tin containers. RECIPES Spinach and Parsley Spinach that is in prime condition for greens should be prepared by care- ful washing and removing the leaves from the roots. Spread the leaves on trays to dry thoroughly. They will dry much more promptly if sliced or chopped. Garden fleets. Onions, Carrots, Turnips, Parsnips, Cabbage Reets: Select young, quickly grown, tender beets, which should be washed, peeled, sliced about an eighth of an inch thick and dried. Turnips should be treated in the same way as beets. Carrots should be well grown, but varieties having a large woody core should be avoided. Wash, peel and slice crosswise into pieces about an eighth of an inch thick. Parsnips should be treated in the same way as carrots. Onions: flemove the outside papery covering. Cut off tops and roots. Slice into one-eighth-inch pieces and dry. Cabbage: Select well developed heads of cabbage and remove all loose outside leaves. Split the cabbage, remove the hard, woody core, and slice the re- mainder of the head with a kraut cut- ter, or other hand-slicing machine. All the products under this heading should be "conditioned" as described above. Reet Tops, Swiss Chard, Celery and Rhubarb Reet tops: Tops of young beets in suitable condition for greens should be selected and washed carefully. Roth the leaf stalk and blade should be cut into sections about one-fourth inch long and spread on screens and dried. Swiss chard and celery should be prepared in the same way as beet tops. Rhubarb: Choose young and suc- culent growth. Prepare as for stewing by skinning the stalks and cutting into pieces about one-fourth inch to one- half inch in length and dry on trays. All the products under this heading should be "conditioned" as described. Raspberries Sort out imperfect berries, spread select berries on trays, and dry. Do not dry so long that they become hard enough to rattle. The drying should be stopped as soon as the berries fail to stain the hand when pressed. Pack and "condition." PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 6 & 7, 122 l i Grand Ave., Portland, Oregon Wholesalers of Nursery Stock and Nursery Supplies A very complete line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Shrubs. Vines, Etc. SPECIALTIES Clean Coast Grown Beedltnjrs Oregon Champion Gooseberries and Write Now Perfection Currants Write Now ip i ■; BETTER FRUIT Page p SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS 8c CO. GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. GLASGOW LONDON Agencies and Representatives in Every Important European Market European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET. INFORMATION ADDRESS SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & FRENCH CO. SIMONS FRUIT CO. SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH, WEBLING CO. 204 Franklin Street, New York Toronto and Montreal 46 Clinton Street, Boston OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE Fruits and Produce 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON W. H. DRYER W. W. BOLLAM DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT 8TREET PHONES: MAIK2348 PORTLAND, OREGON MARK LEVY & CO. Commission Merchants Wholesale Fruits 121-123 Front St. and 200 Washington St. PORTLAND, OREGON The Portland Hotel PORTLAND, OREGON Broadway, Morrison, Sixth and Yamhill Streets Covers an entire block in the city's heart. Convenient to the newspaper, banking, shopping and theatrical districts. Homelike, refined, restful. European Plan. $ 1 .00 per Day and Upwards RICHARD W. CHILDS, MANAGER ^ i^ — —^— n— — — — — - W. van Diem Lange Franken Straat 45, 47, 49, 51, 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND European Receivers of American Fruits Eldest and First-Class House In this Branch Cable Address: W. Vandiem ABC Code used; 5th Edition Our Specialties Are Apples, Pears.Naval Oranges ARCADIA America's Greatest Orchard Project The home of the big "A" brand of apples. Winner of first prize at the National Apple Show, 1916, in shippers' contest. Only 22 miles from Spokane, Washington Gravity Irrigation. Healthful Climate Pleasant Surroundings Tracts sold on easy monthly payments. Send for free booklet. Arcadia Orchards Company DEER PARK, WASHINGTON ORCHARDISTS SUPPLY HOUSE Franz Hardware Co. HOOD RIVER, ORE. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MEM- ' ERUIT BETTER FRUIT Horses Waste $1150 FOB. San Jose Now ^tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitinii^ | Note These Features \ = 1. Pulls intead of pushes itself over § E the ground. E 2. Can be "gee-ed" and "haw-ed" = E out of holes and soft places like a E E team. = = 3. Has full-power pull on turns as = = well as on the straightaway. = 4. Turns clear around in a 10-foot E | circle (j-foot radius). E 5. Plows or harrows as close up in r E the corners of fleJds as a team. 5 j§ 6. Plows as close to vines and trees = E as a team. E 7. Makes little difference how far off E E center you hitch. E 8. Goes under branches of trees no § = team can get under. = 9. Runs stationary marhinery up to § E 10-h.p. when not plowing. E 10. Weighs lesa and costs less to run E = than wheel-type tractors of same E = power. | 11. Pays for itself in what it saves. = S 12. L:ght weight on long track surface = = 13. Cultivates 10 to 15 acres in 10 = = hours. E 14. Plows from 4 to 7 acres in 10 = E hours. E 15. iJittle power required to pull trac- =" = tor — power all goes to pull. ^i in h j i tiui mi in i if in i mi itu i in i iui tn Ji mi m imi i uti i in iiuiiii^ Tractors Save Kjj^^B^lllI i 1 jJjT •t :: ■ "' wffi^^lr % Necessary to Order Tractor Now — Don't Wait Steel and other materials are hard to get and are costing more all the time. No matter when you need your tractor you should order now for future delivery at present prices; $1150 now buys the lowest-priced tractor of tracklaying type, suitable for orchard and vineyard work. Big crops count today and quick plowing or cultivation at just the right time brings big crops. You want to be ready. Bean TrackPULL Tractor Patented Front Drive Principle There Is a great advantage in the front -drive principle of the Bean TrackPULL Tractor. The tractor steers with the track that pulls. It gets good traction and yet is so light in weight that little power is required to move it — the power goes into the pull. When you steer it you swing the entire front end around just as you swing a team. If you are of average strength you can swing the entire front end either to left or right at right angles with one hand. If you hit a soft spot you just swing her over a little to right or left and keep on going. Why Try to Get Along Without This Great Little Producer? It will save you money by saving you the cost of man labor. It will not eat up one-third of what it helps to pro- duce as horses do. It will not be affected by heat or insects. It will cul- tivate deep in hot weather. It will cost nothing to maintain when it is idle. You can use its belt power to run vour stationary machinery. When the op- portunity comes to rent an extra piece of land and by quick work put in an extra crop or two. you can work vour tractor night and dav. if necessary,' and turn a handsome profit. Mail Coupon for Book Don't take chances if you want to be sure of getting a tractor this year. A lack of materials later mav cut down the supply of these tractors 'or cause an advance in prices. Send the- coupon today for full information about the remarkable Bean TrackPULL Tractor. Then decide if you want one and put in your order for delivery now or late- Price NOW $1150. Get the fully descrip- tive, illustrated book. Bean SprayS^ Pump Co., 213 W. Julian St., *», San Jose, California. Please send me your Tractor Book with full Information about the Bean TrackPULL Trac- tor. Name Street City County the trees. Trees do not have to be pruned at a greater height than 4 feet when you work with a TrackPULL Tractor. Fruit can be grown closer to the ground and therefore the yield will be greater. Remember that the Bean TrackPULL Tractor is owned and made by the manu- facturers of the famous Bean Spray- ers which have proved through years % of service to be the staun'chest S N machines of this kind ever built. v s Von can depend on the Bean ■\ Spray Pump Co.'s Tractor the % v same as you can depend on % its sprayer. Great for Orchards and Vineyards the same load on turns as on straightaway. It makes very little ^difference how cSltivate^cbLr'to 11 " 011 ° D the draWbar aDd tor this reas °» * isealy ^plow™ . State.. m WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT : m One Hundred Per Cent Traction together with Ample Power, Light Weight, Small Size, Economy and High Grade Construction, is what you get in the if-"- > ---I Read what one orchardist says: Salem, Oregon, July 16, 1917. MESSRS. McNEFF BROTHERS, Portland, Oregon. Gentlemen:— I have been waiting a long time for a machine with sufficient reserve power for my orchard work. In the 12-20 Cleveland Tractor I found both the power and the size satisfactory and particularly adapted for orchard work. The demonstration given by you on my farm with the Cleveland Tractor so conclusively proved it to possess such good qualities that I had no hesitancy in placing my order for one. Wishing you every success. I remain. Yours very truly, (Signed) GEO. W. WEEKS. The TRACTOR for year around service. 12 H.P. at the drawbar, 20 H.P. at the belt, adapts it for all stationary work. High speed, heavy duty, 4-cylinder Buda Motor. It is safe to say that 30% to 40% of the total work done by this tractor cannot be performed by tractors of any other type. Price $1,185 f.o.b. Euclid, Ohio —The Tractor that is opening the eyes of orchard- ists and farmers. Small enough for use in orchards and among young fruit trees, yet amply powerful to plow eight to ten acres a day with two fourteen- inch bottoms. THE DEMAND FOR THE "CLEVELAND" is breaking all records. Our July allotment already sold out. YOUR ORDER FOR THE "CLEVELAND" SHOULD NOT BE DELAYED. Write us for information and testimonials of satisfied users in the Northwest. Full Line Parts Carried in Stock McNEFF BROTHERS DISTRIBUTORS Established 1890 References: Bradstreet. Dun's or Any Bank 224-225 Pittock Block Department A Portland, Oregon 4 1 r* -,J Summary of Cherry Culture and Production POLLENIZERS are necessary. The Bing cherry is probably as nearly self-sterile as any fruit tree to be found; and unfortunately neither Anns nor Lamberts will pollenize it. We have only three popular commercial sweet cherries; and when these three are planted together, with no other cherry in the neighborhood, the Lam- berts and Anns bear light crops and the Bings almost nothing at all. These varieties, with Governor Woods and seedlings, pollenize well, though some seedlings are worthless for the purpose. I am told that Republicans, Tartarians and most sour cherries will pollenize our high-grade cherries; and if so they aret he ones to plant, as they have more market value than Woods. There should be four or five pollenizers to the acre, and set as far apart from each other as possible. Fertility of the soil must be kept up. I keep from one to two thousand chick- ens in the orchard and have them dis- tributed to suit the needs of the trees. This gives all the fertilizer the trees can use to advantage. A cherry orchard makes an ideal run for chickens; and chickens, when properly managed, are little hindrance to the crop. Gummosis is a much-talkcd-of disease of the cherry. I know nothing of it from the scientist's standpoint, and I am quite skeptical in regard to it. Prac- By E. Bowles, Prosser, Washington tically all cherry trees gum more or less, no matter how healthy they may be; but so far as my observation has gone, excessive gumming is a result and not a cause. Scale is a common cause, but there are scores of others. Any condition which brings death to the tree is likely to cause the tree to gum while it is dying. Smudging is expensive in labor and money. But in my orchard it is a necessity. Six years ago I lost out, but for five successive years have not lost a crop, and I would not think of risk- ing the fruit without this protection. For light frost, a small area can be pro- tected; but for heavy freezes not less than live or ten acres is practical, the larger the easier. Spring dropping of the fruit is usu- ally due lo one of three causes: 1. Fail- ure lo pollenize. In this case Hie drop- ping is all at once, at the time the shell should burst. You see scores of little ones witli now and then a hit; om- thai is alive. -• frosted cherries at this sta.^r lorn black at once and are easily detected. When frosted later they often appear sound for a week or two and then fall. 3. Lack of food causes enor- mous loss among cherry trees in gen- eral. This often continues lor several weeks almost the entire lime from blossom lo harvest And you may see dead cherries of all sizes. Three pests visit the sweet cherry: 1. Scale is probably the worst one, but it is easily controlled with lime-sulphur if the work is thorough. 2. The slug, like the scale, will also hurry a cherry tree to an untimely death, but it is very easy to control with arsenate of lead. The slug hatch about the middle of cherry picking, and must not be allowed to strip the trees. The best method is to spray with the calyx spray for apples. This will tide over the har- vest lime and usually kills both June and August broods. 3. The black aphis is hard to control, and I have seen no spiay or treatment justify the expense. Yet I do not consider the aphis any greal hindrance to Hie cherry industry. Aphis are very bad with the ground weedy or grassy, or dusty ridge in the tree row, or strawy manure near the tree; also follow with the pruning shears. Aphis are seldom serious with clean, level and frequent cultivation and with ample watering, especially near the tree. Mahaleb or mazzard, which? Of these Iwo roots neither is entirely satis- factory for sweet cherries. Imagine a while-oak on a jack-oak slump, and you see a Bing on a mahaleb as it some- times appears. The mahaleb is too small: and the union is often imperfect. The mazzard root with the Bing pro- duces scant crops of blossoms, and an Page 12 BETTER FRUIT August Our Satm BOX APPLES We handle more box apples than any concern in Ohio and want to hear from every grower and shipper who will have either large or small lots to offer. AND THE THREE BIG Peaches, Pears, Prunes LET US HEAR. FROM YOV AT ONCE I. N. PRICE (Q. CO., Cincinnati, Ohio REFERENCES: ANY BANK OR CREDIT AGENCY occasional tree is untrue both in flavor and form. I have a theory — only a theory, for I don't know — that a Bing grafted on a Bing seedling would be better than either. Pruning of cherry trees is a disputed question. The witches told our grand- mothers it would kill them. Many still believe it. It is true that it is more difficult than to prune apple trees, but it is almost as necessary. For the young tree, head about three feet high; have no center and no double header. Lead out four or five branches as nearly equal and as near the same place as possible. A cherry tree will not split with its load; and if a center is left the outside branches rob it and make a bad mess later on. The second and third years, I do not clip as with the young apple tree. Cut back only the one or two branches which tend to overtop the others. The two-year-old should spread out like a hayshock; and it will do this if it has a good boarding place, but if starved it adds only a few shoots on the top — no side shoots — and soon loks like a poplar. In pruning old neglected trees, I prefer to take out a few large branches, doing little or no other cutting. I have never yet injured a tree in this way — get better growth and fruit than to cut out many small limbs. I am not afraid to go to the center of a tree for a fence post. A general clipping over the outside of the tree every year, as we do apples, is not necessary and is questionable. Some clipping is necesary, but not every year, and it should be reduced to a minimum. To flavor a Bing properly, the general point is to keep the tree in vigorous condition with dense foliage. Smooth and glossy leaves in great abundance above the fruit is almost a guarantee of good flavor. The reverse, then, makes poor flavor. But there are many reasons for poor flavor. We clip the grow- ing concord to improve it; but the same treatment ruins the Bing. Liberal fer- tilizing improves flavor, but an excess often injures it. A peach wants the sun, a cherry wants the shade. A Bing with rough, crinkly leaves, and on a mazzard, produces fruit incurably bad. Fruit that is dry is leathery and strong. Overloaded trees produce a weak flavor. The water necesary for the heaviest tonnage and largest size of fruit some- times weakens flavor and requires three or four days without any water before picking. Cultivation or grass? Again I find myself across the public highway. I cannot get results by leaving the ground in alfalfa or clover year after year; have gotten excellent results by sowing clover in June, then plow under the green crop the next May and cultivate for the following two or three years. I depend mainly upon the plow, and run close against the tree trunks. Solving the Southern Idaho Fruit Problem Kenyon Green, Twin Falls, Idaho WITH the arrival of the four vears of low apple prices, 1912, 1914, 1915, and followed by the freeze of 1916, the fruit industry of Southern Idaho, and the Twin Falls country in particular, was dealt a crushing blow in its very infancy. With the majority of orchards just coming into bearing, with no nation-wide reputation for its fruit, and with no well-established mar- keting system worked out, prospects for the fruitgrowers of this district looked very black indeed. Immediate action was undertaken, however, along several lines, and today there is a universal feeling of optimism which may be noted among orchard men all over the tract. First, those who were not really interested in the if ■ ■ ■ ■ n mum i m ii nmn i mmmm rrrr q LADDtflLTON BANK • This Pioneer Bank invites you to make this your banking home Successful People never spend all they earn. They save not occasionally but regularly. Start a savings account now or add to your savings account regularly from now on. It will give you a new lease on life. LADD & TILTON BANK PORTLAND, OREGON growing of high-grade fruit, who had set out their orchards merely because it was the popular thing pulled their orchards. Approximately twenty-five hundred acres of apple trees in the Twin Falls country have been pulled to the mutual advantage of the owners and the remaining orchard men. Second, those who retained their orchards, determined to see the thing through, forgot their dreams of thou- sand-dollar-an-acre profit, reorganized their apple acreage as a part of a gen- eral farming scheme, weeding out all poor varieties, and weak, low-vitality trees. Bealizing that the opening years of the twentieth century saw farm special- ization pushed to its extreme, these men have studied out the best methods of diversification, which is the opposite of specialization. To them fruit grow- ing, which is the most noted of the specialized crops of the Northwest, became only one part of farming and was treated as such. Believing that a few years hence the finest and highest priced general farm will be the one with a well-cared-for small orchard several head of good stock, and a variety of general crops, these men have continued pruning and spraying with as great care as though their apples were their most profitable product. Departing also from the old clean cultivation, these fruitgrower farmers have worked out a line of inter-crops that are exceedingly profit- able. From his twenty-acre apple WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT I 9 T/ BETTER FRUIT Page 13 Savelour Crops SAMSON Rrg & Pat U. S & Foreign CounlnM TRACTOR Full, steady power gets your ailage cut, grain separated and other farm work done with least loss and cost to you. Direct drive from motor to belt-pulley — not a gear in motion — means no waste of power or wear of gears. Easy to place in position and to attach pulley and belt. Use a Samson Sieve-Grip for your harvest- ing and then for your Fall plowing. Let us tell you more about it. Two Sizcs-Modtl S-25 and Model R.I 2 , Ask for our new Catalog. SAMSON SIEVE-GRIP i TRACTOR CO., \ : ti-.v; '■■■'. -'.Stockton, Calif. Hill Military Academy A boarding and day school for boys, under military discipline. The course of instruction covers all sub- jects necessary to enter college or to fit the boy for a business career. While fitting himself for civil life he is also trained in military science and tactics which is vitally important at the present time. PORTLAND, OREGON An Eastern School in the West ]Mtss Catlin's Boarding and Day School for Girls Situated in an Ideal spot on WESTOVER TERRACE PORTLAND, OREGON Basket ball and tennis courts adjoining. Primary, Intermediate and College Preparatory Departments. Prepares girls for Eastern as well r.s Western Colleges. Music, Art and Dramatic training. Catalogue sent on request. School building open to visitors during the summer. orchard two and one-half miles from town, a Twin Falls dentist last fall took off eleven bushels of white clover seed to the acre, which at the prices prevailing at that time brought in nearly $4,000. Following up this plan of a well- balanced general farm, other growers are taking five tons of first-grade alfalfa hay from every acre of orchard, a pay- ing crop when the prices throughout the winter never fall below ten dollars per ton. The newest problem with which these clover-orchard and alfalfa-or- chard men are being confronted is how to grow fancy, brightly-colored apples without the clean cultivation. This is a puzzle which the men in the Twin Falls country are attacking with the same energy as they have shown in meeting their other troubles, and many are already working out a system of plowing up the clover so that it will reseed itself and finish up the fruit in first-class shape every other year, while the alfalfa men will try discing in the third cutting of hay when it is about six inches high, to make a green mulch and hasten the ripening and coloring of the fruit. Home Canning by One-Period Cold-Pack Method Canning fruits and vegetables in the home by the one-period cold-pack method is a relatively simple process and can be done with ordinary kitchen equipment and with comparatively little labor. Much of the surplus of the home garden can be saved for win- ter use by this canning method which is fully described in a special bulletin just issued by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin 839, "Home Canning by the One-Period Cold-Pack Method." This bulletin is of special interest and value to all house- wives, canning clubs, societies or per- sons interested in conserving the food supply of the nation. It may be had on application to the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. The bulletin con- tains very explicit directions for can- ning practically all of the common gar- den vegetables, including tomatoes, pep- pers, sweet peppers, pumpkin, squash, sweet corn, field corn, beans, peas and root vegetables, also various combina- tions of vegetables. It also includes canning directions for soft fruits and berries, hard fruits as apples, pears, quinces. Directions for the canning of camp rations, meats and soups are given in detail. Fach step in the can- ning process by the one-period cold- pack method is carefully outlined from the preparation of the equipment and the raw materials to the storing of the canned products. A special lime table showing how long fruits, vegetables, soups and meals should be scalded, blanched or sterilized is of particular value to the housewife. Various types of home-made and commercial canning outfits are described. BEST SERVICE- QUALITY & PR1C1 PERFECTION IN ^ FRUIT vLABELSy 1423-24 NORTHWESTERN 8ANK BLOG. PORTLAND.OREGON. E.Shelley Morgan NORTH WESTER N MANAGER WE CARRY -AND CAN SHiP IN 24 HOURS-STOCK LABELS FOR PEARS. APPLES.CHERRIES 8 STRAWBERRIES. Nice Bright Western Pine FRUIT BOXES AND CRATES Good standard grades. Well made. Quick shipments. Carloads or less. Get our prices. Western Pine Box Sales Co. SPOKANE. WASH. BEE HIVES I AND SUPPLIES F YOU own an orchard or keep bees you should have a copy of our 1917 CATALOG of Bee Supplies Listing everything necessary for the success- ful handling of bees and production of honey. Gives Valuable Information on Pol' lination. Tells How to Keep and Care for Bees. Jtsk for Catalog No. 20S. PORTLAND SEED COMPANY PORTLAND OREGON Page 14 BETTER FRUIT August BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER. OREGON Official Organ of The Northwest Fruit Growers' Association A Monthly Illustrated Magazine Published in the Interest of Modern Fruit Growing and Marketing All Communications Should Be Addressed and Remittances Made Payable to Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEPAKD, Editor and Publisher STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS OREGON C. I. Lewis, Horticulturist CorvalllB WASHINGTON Dr. A. L. Melander. Entomologist Pullman O. M. Morris. Horticulturist Pullman W. S. Thornber, Horticulturist Pullman COLORADO C. P. Gillette. Director and Entomologist Fort Collins E. B. House, Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering. State Agricultural College Fort Collins ARIZONA E. P. Taylor, Horticulturist Tucson WISCONSIN Dr. E. D. Ball, Director and Entomologist Madison MONTANA O. B. Whipple, Horticulturist Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W. Woodworth. Entomologist Berkeley W. H. Volck. Entomologist Watsonyille Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist Riverside INDIANA H. S. Jackson, Pathologist Lafayette BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Winslow, Provincial Horticulturist Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: In the United States, $1.00 per year in advance Canada and foreign, including postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27, 1906 at the Postofflce at Hood River, Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879, Direct to the Consumer. — The July issue of Better Fruit contained some interesting figures and statistics in con- nection with direct shipments in caiiots of apples from the Northwest, showing that out of 35,085 cities only 611, or 1% per cent, have been sold. Fruit growers who have not recefved the July edition should subscribe and request their sub- scription to include the July number, as a few copies still remain. In the article in July that was one point not brought out with sufficient prominence, that is, the extra handling. Whenever a carload of apples is shipped to some city and jobbed out in the surrounding territory, please bear in mind that the car has to be unloaded, the apples hauled from the depot to the fruit dealer, and from the fruit dealer's place of business back to the railroad and reshipment by rail, making three extra unnecessary han- dlings, all of which means more or less bruising. In addition to this there is the unnecessary cost, consisting of the cartage from the railroad to the dealer's place of business, 2 or 3 cents; back to the railroad, 2 or 3 cents; extra freight to the local town, 5 or 10 cents, maybe more, and the dealer's extra profit in addition— all of which means 20 to 40 cents, according to conditions, unneces- sary expense, so that when the retailer adds his profit on to this extra expense it makes the apples cost the consumer possibly 75 cents per box more than they should. Spraying for Codling Moth.— Obser- vation in connection with the first brood of codling moth seems to indicate that the brood extended over rather a longer period than usual. In addition, indications also are that the codling moth pest is rather prevalent this year, somewhat more extensive than in past seasons. For these two reasons the fruit grower should study his condition very carefully, and there is no doubt that in many cases it would be ad- visable for the fruit grower during the balance of the season to make two applications of arsenate of lead instead of one, putting on one early in August and the other late in August or early in September. It should be borne in mind this is a suggestion made applicable in accordance with conditions. Every grower should use judgment. A little later he will be able to decide intelli- gently whether it is necessary to apply one or two sprays. There is no ques- tion about the advisability of urging the grower to do everything he possibly can and spare no reasonable expense to keep his crop free from codling moth. is the keynote to better prices, and fur- thermore they are all anxious to see the selling concerns adopt a system this year that will distribute the 1917 crop to more cities than have been sold direct in the past. Diversity. — A short but very interest- ing article on Southern Idaho gives some practical information in reference to diversity that is worthy of attention of all fruit growers. Southern Idaho, as nearly everyone knows, lost practi- cally all of its fruit by frost in 1916. If it had not been for the fact that fruit growers turned immediately to diver- sity lines they would hardly have been able to exist during the year. We do not know what the future has in store. Some calamity may hit a fruit district in some form or other in the most un- expected way, so it seems wise to sug- gest to all fruit growers that, where possible, they should engage in diver- sity, at least to a sufficient extent to pay running expenses during the year. This issue contains illustrations on distribution, giving the cities of over 3,000 population in the States of Minne- sota, Ohio and Louisiana, showing how great is the number of towns that have not been sold apples in carlots in com- parison with the number of towns that have been sold direct in carlots. There is no question that with sufficient sell- ing force to cover the territory thor- oughly that the distribution of the Northwestern apple crop can be greatly increased and a great many towns sold in 1917 that have not been sold in the past. The important fact in connection with this statement is that in so doing the selling concerns will reduce the quantity going into the big cities, there- by avoiding congestion, consequently maintaining a higher level of prices, and in maintaining a higher level of prices in the cities it must be borne in mind that by so doing there is no ques- tion that a higher level of prices will be maintained in all of the smaller towns and cities. Not Overproduction but Lack of Dis- tribution. — The article appearing in the July edition of Better Fruit, by the editor, has created more comment than any other article we have published. A number of people have personally in- formed the editor they had no idea that so few towns had been sold direct, and a number of others, courteous and thoughtful, are commending Better Fruit for its excellent work by letter. It is emphatically apparent that the fruit growers of the Northwest in the favorable reception they have given this article realize greater distribution Buying Now. — The constantly and continuous increasing prices on all kinds of commodities are sufficient justification for every fruit grower pur- chasing all articles required in his busi- ness at the earliest possible moment. It is advisable to do so for another rea- son — on account of the shortage of labor and raw materials. In many lines there is a possibility of the grower postponing purchasing too long. He may not be able to purchase in suffi- cient quantity to meet his requirements. Therefore, the editor of Better Fruit does not hesitate to suggest that every fruit grower should purchase his sup- ply of boxes, ladders, buckets, grading machines, nailing presses, paper, and all other equipment and supplies that he may need in harvesting this year's crop. He should not only make his purchases immediately, but he should haul them out to his packing house just as fast as he can get them there. Bruised Apples. — A short article by Mr. L. F. Dumas on .this subject is worthy of the attention of every fruit grower. When a man has put in a year's labor and expense in producing a crop of apples it is nothing short of insanity to half spoil the crop by bruis- ing in the last thirty days during the harvesting season. Fruit growers, as a rule, do not realize how undesirable a box of bruised apples is unless they have visited some of the cities and gone into the grocery stores and looked into the boxes of apples where it is not an unusual occurrence to see apples so badly bruised that they are almost unfit for use, with at least 25 per cent loss from decay resulting from bruising. Box Strapping. — The serious loss that is reported every year on export ship- ments on account of the broken pack- ages is sufficient evidence that some- thing should be done if possible to avoid this loss. While some people have suggested that export fruit should be shipped in heavier boxes, the suggestion is not very practical, for the reason the shipping concerns do not always know when the fruit is packed what boxes will be exported. Box strapping is used for many other commodities, and if used on export boxes of apples there is no question but what it would save the growers very heavy losses each year. Conservation of Food. — Every fruit grower's wife should consider it her duty to conserve as much fruit and vegetables as possible for winter use by canning and evaporating. By put- ting up a good liberal supply for home use expenses can be greatly reduced. Putting up your own supply of fruits and vegetables will reduce the quantity of other kinds of foods to be purchased, leaving that much more for others who are not able to do their own canning or drying. 19 1 7 The Sun Fruit Drier will save your surplus corn for winter use. Why let any fruits or vegetables waste? Orders filled promptly. Barnard & Gates 291 Stevenson Ave. Pasadena, Cal. As it is- TRUE -that— Caro Fibre FRUIT WRAPPERS Prolong the Life -OF- Apples You who Grow Apples with great Expense should Dress them Warm and Attractively. Use Your Brains to Wrap Your Fruit. Give Your Apples a Fair Show. Get the Top Price. The Apple Buyer knows Caro Fibre— Wouldn't You Pay a little more for a box of apples if you knew that it Would Keep Longer. If Your Shipper Doesn't Use Caro Fibre Fruit Wrappers he is not giving your fruit a Fair Show Union Waxed & Parchment Paper Co. MANUFACTURERS F. B. DALLAM, Pacific Coast Representative 417 Market Street San Francisco, California Z5/>e First National Bank HOOD RIVER, OREGON A.D. MOE - - President E.O. BLANCHAR - Cashier Capital and Surplus $125,000 Assets Over $500,000 Member Federal Reserve System BETTER FRUIT Minimum Carloads. — The serious con- dition resulting in 1916, and continued in 1917, from the car shortage makes it imperative that the fruit industry should co-operate with the railroads in every way possible in using cars. Arrangements should be such so there will be no delay in loading cars when spotted. Great care should be used by shippers and receivers to see that cars are unloaded immediately at destina- tion, so as to be returnable without delay. Increasing the minimum capac- ity of cars is equally important. A resolution adopted by a conference of shippers at North Yakima in July was as follows: "Shippers are willing to accept a minimum of 26,000 pounds on cars of soft fruits, peaches, pears and plums, this being 2,000 pounds over the old minimum. They agreed to 31,185 pounds on apples shipped before No- vember 15th. The old minimum was 630 boxes. This was increased seventy boxes on winter varieties, making the minimum carload 700 boxes." Page 15 Bruised Apple Losing Proposition By L. F. Dumas, Dayton, Washington THE GROWER LOSES 1. Because it has cost just as much to grow that bruised apple as it has to grow the one that is handled care- fully. 2. Because it costs more to sort bruised fruit. 3. Because a bruieed apple in a packed box many times ruins its sale and always hurts it. THE PICKER, THE PACKER, THE SORTER, THE NAILER, AND THE TRUCKER LOSE 1. Because the apple "bruiser" gener- ally gets caught sooner or later and loses his (or her) job. 2. Because the careful person gets bet- ter consideration from his employer than does the careless one. 3. Because the grower gets more for perfect apples and therefore can pay more for putting them up. 4. Because the careless person loses his self-respect. 5. Because the careless person loses his reputation for being a good worker, a reputation which directly governs the swell or limpness of his pocket book. BOTH THE GROWER AND THE EMPLOYE LOSE Because lack of harmony between the grower and employe caused by care- less work causes a distinct loss to both in the results obtained. THE SELLING ORGANIZATION LOSES Because it can "get the business" only when it has a superior product. THE FRUIT BUYER LOSES 1. Because when he invests in bruised apples he is speculating in "damaged goods" and is bound to lose. 2. Because bruised fruit rots iii storage, one rotten apple in a box will in time infect others, rotten apples are not saleable. Orchard Queen Cider Mill Grinds Does Mot Crush MAKE CIDER This New Way Get Every Bit of Juice by Clean, Sanitary Methods Orchard Queen grates or grinds apples into fine pomace— breaks fruit cells open— allows all the juice to be easily extracted in pressing- insures greatest quantity and highest quality of cider, as juice is extracted in sanitary cloth-lined forms. (In ordinary crushing mills only half the juice is extracted and in a mussy, dirty condi- tion.) Operates easily by hand or power. Write today for information of this marvelously effi- cient mill and how it turns your usual orchard losses into unusual profits. Puffer-HubbardMfg.Co. 3222 26th St.. East MINNEAPOLIS. MINN The Best Drier on the Market Hifihly Recommended by Food Experts Dries All Kinds of Fruits and Vegetables Convenient Economical Inexpensive The Evaporator Company Price $6.00 ( Plus Express) 55 Liberty St,. New York THE ULTIMATE CONSUMER LOSES Because he does not get what he pays his money for — good apples. He loses his faith in the apple and will buy sonic substitute, a thing which will injure grower, worker, seller, buyer, and sometimes the consumer himself. So let's be careful; let's handle the apples as if they were so many eggs. Remember, rough handling is the un- pardonable sin in the preparation of fruit for market; the grower who toler- ates it is not injuring himself alone, he is promoting an all-around losing prop- osition. So let's be careful. The Washington State Fair will be held at North Yakima. September 17th in 22nd, inclusive. Being in one of the great fruit-growing valleys, and horti- CUlture Standing OUl pre-eminently, it is the duty of every fruit grower to make an exhibit if possible. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 1 6 BETTER FRUIT August The Orchard Ladder of Quality must bear the name "Northwest." Thousands are sold on their merits. Ask your dealer to let you , . [ «a/-J/-|c»r If your dealer does not carry our ladder in stock, oCC OLil L/dUUCl . write us direct for prices. No crushed fruit if you use the Barnett Fruit Picking Pail. PRICE $2.00 Information on our Orchard Supplies will be gladly given on request. N. W. Fence & Supply Co. Station A Portland, Oregon Bitter Pit; It's Cause and Control By Professor D. McAlpine in the Fruit World, Department of Agriculture, Melbourne, Australia [Editor's Note. — The disease Bitter Pit, so called in Australia, is generally known through- out the Northwest as Core Rot, being the same trouble. Very little has been done in the Northwest to get at the cause of this trouble, and not much in the way of investigation for control. The Australian Government, in con- nection with the fruit districts of Australia, appropriated £10,000, or $50,000, for ten years' research work. The work was extended an- other year at an additional cost. This has been published in four large volumes. The research work done in Australia has been the most complete, the most thorough and efficient of any campaign waged for the solution and cause of any disease or pest. The Editor of Better Fruit has been in constant correspond- ence with Professor D. McAlpine and has re- ceived one of each of his four Progress Reports. Conditions under which the trouble occurs in the Northwest are seemingly very similar, and the suggestions of control as outlined by Mr. McAlpine, where practiced in the Northwest, in the opinion of the Editor have been effective in reducing Bitter Pit or Core Rot to a minimum. This article is of course a brief summary of the principal features in the cause and control, as worked out by Professor McAlpine and his assistants, and as before stated is the most thorough campaign ever put up for the solu- tion of any pest and its control. Therefore the Editor believes every fruit grower in the North- west who is troubled with Bitter Pit or Core Rot will find this article not only very instruc- tive but very valuable.] WHEREVER apples are grown on a commercial scale this disease is more or less prevalent. In Australia there are some valuable ex- port varieties, such as Cleopatra, which are so susceptible that they have been cut down and replaced by other varie- ties. In the United States of America the Baldwin variety is so subject to attack that the disease is actually known as "Baldwin spot." In a recent American publication it is stated that, "Unless a remedy for this trouble is to be found, the indications are that Bald- wins will sooner or later need to be replaced by some other variety of the same season and quality which is not affected by the spot." There is conse- quently a keen desire on the part of growers to know the cause of the dis- ease, in order, if possible, to devise measures for its prevention or mitiga- tion. By this means alone may certain valuable varieties be retained under cultivation. In my previous report I have offered alternative views as to the cause of bitter pit, viz.: (a) Concentration of cell sap in the tissues of the apple and consequent local death of the parts, (b) Over-pressure of water in the tis- sues, leading to local rupture and sub- sequent death of the parts. The first explanation was indicated by certain of my observations. The brown flecks of the pit, when exam- ined, always contained less water than the surrounding healthy tissue, and it appeared possible that the concentra- tion of the cell sap involved in loss of water might have reached a point where the acids, tannins and other con- stituents acted injuriously upon the living protoplasm, causing its death. The sap concentration theory of the disease also received support from its point of occurrence on the apple pit generally appears in the first instance on the upper half of the fruit and toward the "eye" end. As the openings in the skin of the fruit are much more numerous toward the "eye" end than on the basal portions, the larger num- ber of openings at the "eye" end would obviously allow more active transpira- tion, and consequently might render easier an undue concentration of the cell sap, leading to development of the pit. The further investigations which I have subsequently been able to make into the occurrence of pit lead me to abandon an undue concentration of the cell sap as the probable cause of the disease. I am of opinion that over- pressure of water in the tissues, leading to local rupture and subsequent death of the parts, furnishes the most prob- able explanation of bitter pit. Histo- logical examination of the tissues of the apple, and the results of field experi- ments, pruning tests and climatological observations concur in supporting the view that over-pressure of water is the real cause. The diminished supply of water in the flecks of bitter pit is the result of cell rupture and death of the parts — not its cause. The following observations support this view: (1) When the apple fruit is mostly confined to the main upright branches and produced on fruit-spurs, the bitter pit is usually increased. Un- der these conditions the strong flow of sap might reasonably be supposed to burst the thin walls of the pulp cells and produce the effect. (2) In a young and vigorous growing tree, bearing only a few apples of rank growth, all the fruit is often pitted. The rank growth will cause rapid tension of the cell wall, and this may reach the break- ing point when the pressure is dis- tributed only through a few apples. (3) When a tree in full bearing, has only a light crop, and the apples are comparatively large, then the tendency to bitter pit is greater. The fewer apples in this instance would get a larger proportion of sap, as evidenced by their larger size. Instances have already been given where Cleopatra trees only showed bitter pit in the clusters of fruit at the tips of the branches, and the larger apple in the center of the cluster was invariably the worst. Superabundance of sap is asso- ciated with the overgrown apple and the development of pit. (4) When the fruit of a susceptible variety is picked and graded, it is found, as a rule, that the larger the fruit the more liable it is to pit. Thus, in the produce of 39 Cleopatra trees, while apples two inches in diameter had only one per cent of pit, those three and one-quarter inches in diameter had 61 per cent of pit. The greater growth in the larger apple relatively to the smaller would tend to distend the pulp cells and ulti- mately burst them. (5) When the strong flow of sap is checked by cinc- turing it is found that the pit is re- duced. This favors the view that the over-pressure of the sap in a variety unable to withstand the strain may be exciting the cause. Root pruning is a well-known means of checking the growth and inducing fruitfulness, but owing to the danger in our variable climate of root-pruned trees suffering from a diminished water supply at a critical period of their growth, no satis- factory experiments were carried out. (6) Irrigation experiments bear out the view that over-watering is a sure means of producing pit. When apple trees are heavily watered, and particularly late in the season when the fruit is ap- igij BETTER FRUIT Page 17 proaching its full development, there is a much higher percentage of pit than when light watering is adopted. (7) When the fruit is produced on laterals where every apple, as a rule, has room to develop properly and there is no strong flow of sap as in the upright branches, the amount of pit is appre- ciably lessened. (8) As shown in a pre- vious report, wherever bitter pit occurs the vascular network at the boundary between the pulp cells and the skin is ruptured. The pressure exerted will also be sufficient to burst the adjoining pulp cells, and thus there is a strong presumptive evidence that the bursting of the network by over-pressure of the water, more particularly toward the apex or eye end of the apple, is accom- panied by the rupture of the pulp cells. This is approximately called a con- stitutional disease, since the root of the trouble really lies in the artificial nature of our modern apple. It has been derived from the small, sour and hardy wild crab, and the large size, the succulence, and the sweetness have been obtained at the expense of the hardy nature of its ancestor. The fibre is now soft and flabby to render the flesh as juicy as possible, and this weakening of the fibre has practically 'ciildricil' STEAM PRESSURE CANNING OUTFITS Housekeepers, farmers, prow- ers- -every body can save and make money preserving meats, fruits and vegetables with a National Outfit. Makes cheap- est and toughest meat-cuts tender and delicious. Preserves fruits and vegetables without waste or spoilage. Use glass jars or cans. Simple -- safe — economical. Outfits for home or larger. Write for details, stating what you will can and capacity desired. Northwestern Stee! & Iron Works 820 Spring St.,Eau Claire, Wis. BUY AND TRY White River Flour MAKES Whiter, Lighter Bread COOLNE There's nothing so cool as an oil stove for summer cooking. All the heat is concentrated on the cooking and not radiated about the kitchen. Cooks everything any wood or coal range will cook, and cooks it better, because of the steady, evenly-distributed heat. Use it all the year 'round— more convenient than a wood or coal stove, and more economical. The long blue chimneys prevent all smoke and smell. In 1, 2. 3 and 4 burner sizes, with or without ovens. Also cabinet models. Ask your dealer today. NEW PERFECTION OIL COMSTOVE L X STANDARD OIL COMPANY ( California ) thrown the whole burden of the skele- ton upon the pulp cells. This burden was formerly shared by the vascular bundles, but now the distended pulp cells, like so many little balloons (filled with sap instead of gas), have to pre- vent the structure from collapsing. That it does collapse here and there, producing the brown flecks in the flesh, is not to be wondered at, and the problem of bitter pit, like that of mod- ern civilization, is to strengthen the constitution against the forces which tend to weaken it. I submitted a summary, giving the results of my work on the cause of bitter pit to Professor Lanong, of America, the distinguished author of "The Living Plant." He gave it his careful attention and replied: "Your conclusions certainly look to me very reasonable and probable, and as far as I can tell, seem wholly consistent with our knowledge of osmotic and sap- pressure phenomena. I would have to give, however, a great deal more study in the subject than is practicable to make any suggestion, after the ex- haustive work which you have done upon the subject." The various factors which increase or diminish bitter pit react upon the vascular system of the apple, which has been fully described in previous re- ports. The pit originates beneath the skin, where the symmetrically formed network of vessels surround the outer layer of pulp cells and forming the boundary between skin and pulp is situated. Wherever bitter pit occurs this network is ruptured, owing to the pressure exerted by the too-rapid growth. The pulp cells at first dis- closed by the ruptured meshes of the net, are likewise burst and death ensues. It is this wonderful network of vessels beneath the skin, forming distributing channels to regulate the pressure of the sap, that explains the occurrence of pit in spots or patches. Hence the rupture of the vascular net- work here and there, and of the adjoin- ing pulp cells in localized spots, due to over-pressure of the sap, is the exciting cause of hitler pit, and the oxidizing enzyme in the presence of tannin causes the group burst cells to become brown. [Com iiiniil next month] The Oregon Slate Fair will be held at Salem, Oregon, September 24th to 29th, inclusive. Horticulture is one of the prominent features of the fair. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 18 BETTER FRUIT August BEFORE using Cement Coated Nails Western Cement Coated Nails for Western Growers Our Cement Coated Nails are always of uniform length, gauge, head and count. Especially adapted to the manufacture of fruit boxes and crates. In brief, they are the Best on the Market. Write for Growers' testimonials. Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. DENVER, COLORADO Pacific Coast Sales Offices Portland, Spokane, San Francisco Los Angeles AFTER use of C. F. & I. Co.' Cement Coated Nails Grape Culture By W. Obermeyer, Emmett, Idaho IN this article on grape culture I shall confine myself to a talk on the native varieties suited to the climate of South- ern Idaho. I have some of the Euro- pean varieties of bearing age, but they have not proven satisfactory, and I do not recommend them for Southern Idaho. Our climate is too severe for them as a commercial crop. In planting a vineyard, about the first thing to consider is the matter of loca- tion; experience has proven that the best fruit is grown on hill slopes, and sandy ground is preferred to any other. If the soil is not naturally fertile enough, it should be made so by the plowing under of any legume crop, or the addition of barnyard manure. Next in order is to determine the variety to grow. The Concord is the best flavored and the best seller, yet this variety re- quires a rather long season to mature its fruit, and if you have any doubt at all as to your length of season, plant the Moore's Early, or the Worden, both of which are excellent grapes and almost equal to the Concord in hardi- ness and flavor. Moore's Early is very early, ripening here in the Payette Val- ley almost a month ahead of the Con- cord; the Worden is midway between. These three varieties are black grapes, and good sellers. For commercial vari- eties confine your planting to these three. Having determined the variety best suited to your locality, get one-year- old No. 1 vines from a reliable nursery, or grow the plants from cuttings. Set the plants 10 by 10 feet apart, and give the best of care. Irrigate when neces- sary. It is usually best to grow some cultivated crop between the rows the first two years, and the care that will make a big crop of potatoes or melons is just the care the young vines require. If your young vines have had the right care they are ready, after the second season, to be trellised. It is the com- mon practice to furnish two sizes (No. 9 or No. 10) black wire strung on posts 30 feet apart. The first wire 2 Ms feet from the ground, and the other 5 feet high. The end post should be set three feet in the ground and be well braced, so as to be able to withstand the strain of a heavy crop. Probably the pruning hasn't bothered you much as yet. The first year's growth was not heavy, and you have pruned to a single cane, and cut that back to a few buds; the second season's growth was better, and you will leave one long cane to be tied to the top wire, and perhaps two short canes to be run out along the lower wire. The vines will bear a fair crop the third season and make a good wood growth. The next spring you may leave four canes for fruiting. Keep, as a permanent trunk, the vine that you led to the top wire the previous season, cutting off your surplus wood as close to the permanent stalk as possible. Thus you always have a neat, clean vine, easy to prune. Tie the canes out along the wire, fastening them securely so the wind won't whip them around. Do not make a tie so tight that your vine will choke when it begins to en- large; leave room for expansion. I will conclude with a few general remarks. The Knieffen system of pruning is probably the easiest system and is very satisfactory. On sloping, sandy ground grape vines can stand a lot of irriga- tion and profit by it. On valley bot- toms, especially where the water table is near the surface, great care should be used in watering. It is safe, how- ever, to keep the ground reasonbly moist. Cultivation can usually be stopped in midsummer so as to allow the canes to ripen. All of that part of the current season's growth that has not matured will winter kill. Probably barnyard manure will sup- ply all the requirements of the vines as to fertilization. Crimson clover could be sowed, after cultivation ceases, and plowed under the succeeding spring. I have tried this, and it is a success. Many growers use rye as a cover crop. A vineyard properly cared for will last practically forever. Excursion Fares to the Seashore Tillamook County Beaches have many delightful resorts. Low Round Trip Fares. Newport, with its agate beaches and surf bathing will always be popular. Low Round Trip Fares. Ask your local agent, or write for booklet descriptive of Newport or Tillamook County Beaches to John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon Southern ific Lines 19 1 7 Farm Labor Organization Plans U. S. Department of Agriculture UNDER the government plan for the organization of farm labor, the details of which were announced by the U. S. Department of Agriculture recently, provision is made for nation- wide co-operation in the solution of the farm help problem. The work of or- ganization already has been started in about forty states, and it is expected that eventually every community in the United States will be reached. It is believed that the resultant utilization of emergency labor will begin to have an appreciable effect on the farm lahor situation before the season has far ad- vanced. Meanwhile, the immediate and acute problem of supplying labor for the harvests, now beginning in the Southwest, is being handled, so far as the United States government's services are concerned, through the existing em- ployment service of the U. S. Depart- ment of Labor, which will continue to handle such problems of mass mobiliza- tion under the new plan as it has in the past. Federal and state co-operation is based on close co-operation on the part of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the U. S. Department of Labor with state committees on national defense charged with labor matters, with the state agricultural colleges, with the county agents, and with county and local or township labor committees or representatives to be established in every locality. The Department of Agriculture will represent the federal authorities in determining farm labor needs and in assisting in organizing all available farm labor in the rural dis- tricts. The U. S. Department of Labor will devote its attention to organizing labor in urban communities and indus- trial regions, and will co-operate with the farm labor forces where necessary by obtaining extra labor from the pop- ulous centers. The plan provides for strictly local handling of all labor problems that can be adjusted locally. The fundamental unit of the organization is the "com- munity man" who, with the assistance of such committees as he may appoint, canvasses his own neighborhood, finds out what farmers need help, and what men are available for supplying the local need, and effects such adjustments as can be made locally. If, after all local adjustments have been made, there remains either a deficit or a sur- plus of labor, he reports to the "county man," whose business it is to effect adjustments between the several com- munities in his county. The county man, in turn, reports any deficit or sur- plus to the "state man," who canvasses the situation for the state as a whole and reports to the Department of Agri- culture, which, in close co-operation with the Department of Labor, is charged with the distribution of mobile labor for the country as a whole. Thus each unit in the system acts as a clearing house for its own territory, reporting to the units higher up only when it needs help or has help to offer. The plan provides that supplemental BETTER FRUIT Page iq Fruit Labels When packed in a plain box or crate, fruit is fruit. It does not mean apples or other fruit until you label it properly —and just as good clothes make a favorable impression- give distinction— so well designed and printed labels dress your package, appeal to the eye and help the sale. Our Lithographed Labels will advertise your brand and help the dealer sell your apples. THE UNITED STATES PRINTINGS LITHOGRAPH CO. 901 Hoge Building, Seattle, Washington 1 1 2 Market Street, San Francisco, California No hot boxes — no lost time — even with big loads, when you use Mica Axle Grease. The powdered mica forms a slippery, wear-resist- ing film, twice as effect- ive as ordinary grease. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (California) I AXLE GREASE Gravity Conveyor Systems for boxes, packages, lum- ber, etc. Gravity Box Conveyors Building Materials and Paints. Cabot's Insulating Quilts, TIMMS, CRESS & CO., Inc., 184-6 Second St., Portland, Oregon RHODES DOUBLE CUT .PRUNING SHE/ 520 s RHODES MFG. CO. DIVISION AVE., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 'THE only pruner made that cuts from both sides of the limb and does not bruise the bark. Me.de in all styles and sizes. All shears delivertd free to your door. Write for circular and prices. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 20 BETTER FRUIT Denney & Co. CHICAGO Specialize in Box Apples and Other Western Fruits WE'RE READY TO TALK BUSINESS WITH THOSE HAVING GOOD FRUIT Write or wire us what you have to offer Turn Apple Waste to Profit Many are Doing It Now. QT ART a P a y'"B business that grows almost with- >J - 1 /ilV 1 out effort. 1 Thousands are making Big Money turning apple waste into profits for themselves and their neighbors by making Good Marketable Cider from windfalls, culls, undergrades, etc., on y Mount Gilead Hydraulic Cider Presses Sizes 10 to 400 barrels daily. We also make cider evaporators apple butter cookers.vinegar generators, filters, etc. Allmachin ery is fully guaranteed. All power presses have steel beams and sills. Write Today for Catalog. Hydraulic Press Manufacturing Co., 60 Lincoln Ave.. Mount Gilead, 0. Pacific Coast Representatives Berger & Carter Co., 17th and Mississippi Sts., San Francisco, Ca IF YOU would appreciate the services of old established, successful, responsible fruit distributors, keep the undersigned in mind when you have fruit to market. Write us for information. We give you con- servative opinion on market conditions. We can market your fruit where it will bring best results. DliOU 2. COM Portland Thirty-six years same location. rHut oC OUlM. Oregon Ridley.HouIding&Co, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON Points to remember when consigning apples to the London Market 1.— We Specialize in Apples 2.— All Consignments Receive our Personal Attention 3 —The Fruit is Sold by Private Treaty CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING, LONDON August reports shall be submitted by each com- munity man whenever changes in the local labor situation make desirable further adjustments that cannot be met with the material at hand, or when a surplus of labor develops which he can- not use. A great many retired farmers, of whom there are 700,000 in the country, may be available for emergency service under this plan of farm labor mobiliza- tion. The plans contemplate also the drawing of emergency labor from the cities under the immediate direction of the Department of Labor, the effective utilization of college students and school boys, and, if necessary, the assignment of volunteer women and girls to rural tasks connected particu- larly with feeding and caring for har- vest hands or other extra labor, or with farm canning or drying of surplus perishable products. In other words, the plan contemplates supplying assist- ance not merely for field operations but to farm women during their season of heaviest domestic duties. The Wastefulness of Swarming U. S. Department of Agriculture THE old-time beekeeper boasted of the number of swarms which issued from his hives, but the modern bee- keeper knows that swarming is one of his worst obstacles to producing a large crop. The modern beekeeper knows from experience that after he has given all his energy to getting every colony as strong as possible at the beginning of the honey-flow, he must not permit the bees then to spoil it all by dividing their forces. Of course, it is impossible to do any- thing toward controlling swarming when the bees are in a box or "gum," and this is the chief reason why bees in a movable-frame hive are more profitable. It is also unfortunately true that in spite of the beekeeper's most strenuous efforts, colonies will some- times swarm. In that event the bee- keeper makes the most of a bad situa- tion by keeping the forces together in another way. Standard Sprays ofthe^V^rjUI*; WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 19 17 BETTER FRUIT Page 2i If swarming occurs when honey is coming in, the hive should be at once removed to a new place and a new hive placed in the old location, the bee specialists of the U. S. Department of Agriculture advise. The swarm is now hived in this new hive and, because it is in the old location, all returning field bees from the colony join the swarm and the population is kept up. Later on there are various ways of reducing the parent colony still more, for by this means the issuing of worthless after- swarms is prevented. The beekeeper who desires to get the greatest possible crop does not permit even one swarm to issue if he can help it. When swarming time arrives, he examines every colony once a week. If he finds queen cells with eggs or small larvae in them, he cuts every one out and thus makes it necessary for the bees to build other cells, if they still persist in their efforts to swarm. If, however, he finds larger cells with old larvae he knows that the impulse to swarm has developed too far, so he must satisfy it in some way. He may make an artificial swarm — at his con- venience and not at that of the bees— or if he is a producer of comb-honey he may cut out all the queen cells and cage the queen for ten days until they get over their "swarming fever." The skill of the beekeeper can usu- ally be measured by the results of his work in curbing swarming. The poetry which others see in issuing swarms is entirely lost on a good beekeeper. The methods of swarm control are given in Farmers' Bulletin 503, "Comb Honey," which may be obtained on request from the United States Department of Agriculture. High Cost of Food Necessitates Judicious Management. Purchasing food supplies and plan- ning and preparing three meals a day has always been a problem, but with the increase in food prices the problem is becoming more difficult every day. The abnormal price of certain foods leads the careful housewife to seek sub- stitutes, but if she does not know the WITTE GET^ " KEK0-0IL" ENG INE Save $15 to $200 Have More Power— Do your work easier— Get a bet- ter engine— At less cost Make more money — Save more fuel— Immediate Shipment — No waiting — Five -Year Guarantee— 90-Day Trial— Hundreds of engines —2 to 22 H-P.— all styles— Ready to Ship— Suit your- pelf as to terms — Cash — or Payments — or NO MONEY '«"s^^"-K IIV lllVllU* riK hted)-"How to Judge Y\/\YMr»T Engines"— and latest wholesale fac- 1 1/1/ \ tory prices— Direct. I sh \> every " VM " where in the U. S.- guarantee safe delivery— Save you $15 to $200— make you the best price. I ship big engines — or small engines -on wire orders.— ED. H. WITTE. Pres. WITTE ENGINE WORKS 1888 Oakland Ave., Kansas City, Mo. 1888 Empire Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. Earl Fruit Company eUM Northwest GENERAL OFFICES: Mohawk Building, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON Branch Offices in all main shipping sections of Southern Oregon, Idaho and Washington Our own warehouses at all shipping points in all districts. Fruit Distributors Based on the dependability of service for which the Earl Fruit Company name is synonymous. OFFICERS: JOSEPH DI GIORGIO. . . President B. A. PERH AM. . General Manager A. S. LINES Vice-President F. V. MARTIN .... Field Manager W. L. LOEFFEL Secretary C. W. MOUNT . Traffic Manager C. O. ELLSWORTH.Ass'tTreasurer WILMER SIEG . . . Sales Manager A DEPENDABLE CONNECTION We Solicit Your Co-operation and Correspondence OVER SIX MILLION Bushel Shipping Baskets SOLD SO FAR THIS SEASON Everybody is shipping fruits and vegetables in our bushel shipping baskets, simply because they are the best and cheapest package on the market. The demand for these baskets promises to ex- ceed the production this year. Therefore order now for quick shipment be- fore the advance in freight rates. Write for Prices Today. PACKAGE SALES CORPORATION 1201 Advertising Building, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS LESLIE BUTLER. President TRUMAN BUTLER. Vice President C. H. VAUGHAN, Cashier Established 1900 Butler Banking Company Capital HOOD RIVER, OREGON $100,000.00 4% Interest Paid in our Savings Department WE GIVE SPECIAL ATTENTION TO GOOD FARM LOANS If you have money to loan wp will find you good real estate security, or It you want to borrow we can place your application In good hands, and we make no charge for this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS IfBNTII FRUIT Page 22 BETTER FRUIT Steel Box Strapping Used in connection with metal seals consists of encircling a package with a metal strap, draw- ing the strap very tight and interlocking the overlapping strap -ends within a metal sleeve (SIGNODE) in such a manner that the joint has a greater tensile strength than the strap itself. Nails, rivets and buck- les, with their attendant objections, are entirely eliminated. Write for Catalog Acme Strapping packed in bbls. of about 500 lbs. or larger pkgs. Metal Seals packed in cartons containing 2,000-2,500 seals. ACME STEEL GOODS CO. MFRS. Factory: 2840 Archer Ave., Chicago 311 California St., San Francisco Sebastopol Gravensteins The crop of famous Sebastopol Gravenstein Apples is now moving. Season closes August 26th. The best apples from over 200 of our best orchards. Community packing houses insure uniform pack. See our representative or wire us. Sebastopol Apple Growers' Union SEBASTOPOL, CALIFORNIA August relative values of the different foods she cannot make her substitution intel- ligently, A knowledge of the part that each of the different classes of foods performs in the body upkeep is essen- tial. Without this knowledge serious mistakes may be made. Miss Bab Bell of the Missouri College of Agriculture makes a few suggestions relative to de- creasing the cost of living. (1) Make a thorough study of the different classes of foods and the function of each in the body. (2) Plan meals carefully, so that foods are not duplicated. For instance, do not serve Irish and sweet potatoes in the same meal; cheese and meat; rice and patotoes; spinach and lettuce; navy beans and meat. (3) Substitute, in part, corn starch for eggs; rice for potatoes; meat substitutes for meat; some good oil for olive oil; some product for but- ter, especially in cooking; cornmeal for wheat flour. Milk is one of the best foods and consequently can be substi- tuted for higher priced foods. Skim milk has a high protein value. The cost of living may be reduced by (1) Purchasing food supplies in large quantities when a good storeroom is available, and by purchasing foods in season. (2) Preparing the exact amount of food needed. Some foods cannot be warmed or made over. (3) Planning meals to utilize all "left overs" and thus reducing the waste which ordinarily goes to the garbage can. (4) Training children, and adults as well, not to waste foods at the table by leaving quantities on their plates. (5) Doing your own marketing, if possible. (6) Growing vegetables on every foot of ground available and by canning fruits and vegetables; storing eggs, butter and other products to be used during winter. A Late O. A. C Appointment Frank H. Lathrop, who has had special training and extended experi- ence in the habits, injury and control of apple plant lice in the eastern, central and southern parts of the United States, has been appointed re- search assistant in entomology at the Oregon Agricultural College Experi- MONARCH CIDER PRESS Here's the right outfit for work- ing up the culls into profitable cider. Suitable for individual and merchant service. Ourcelebrated high pressure design with minute accu- rateconstruction, getsall the juicewithlow operatingex- pfe pense. Builtinsizesfrom 15 to 400 barrels a day. 60-page Catalogue free. Write today. A. B. Farquhar Co.,Ltd.,BoxlOG York, Penna. 3!?T ^H*lUt Ask/or Catalogue. EXCLUSIVE SALES AGENTS FOR OREGON, WASHINGTON AND IDAHO Western Farquhar Machinery Co. 308 East Salmon Street Portland, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT io ir BETTER FRUIT Page 2$ mcht Station. He will conduct labora- tory and field work in entomology, first specializing in aphis with a view to more effective control of this pest in Oregon orchards. He was graduated from the Clemson, South Carolina, Agricultural College, took the Master's Degree at Ohio State University, where he was graduate assistant and research fellow in entomology and zoology. He was also research assistant in these subjects at the South Carolina Station and later at the New York Experiment Station. Valuable Bulletins Gardeners, poultrymen, housewives, and all who are "doing their bit" in the nation-wide food production campaign, will find it possible to largely increase their elliciency by securing and study- ing some of the bulletins prepared by the Oregon Agricultural College, Cor- vallis, Oregon, contained in the follow- ing list. They are carefully compiled and the instruction and information contained in them is dependable. 118. Ammonification and Nitrification Studies of Certain Types of Oregon Soils. 119. A Report of the Experimental and Demon- stration Work on the Substation Farms at Moro, Burns, Redmond and Metolius. 140. Economical Use of Irrigation Water. 142. The Culture of Small Fruits on Irrigated Sandy Land. 5. Incubating and Brooding Chickens. 83. Principles of Breadmaking. 91. Insect Pests of Truck and Garden Crops. 99. Fowl Tuberculosis. 106. Farm Butter Making. 107. Care of Milk and Cream. 110-111. Food for the Family. 120. How to Conduct a Fly Campaign. 127. Breeds of Chickens. 146. Strawberry. 147. Oregon Station Trap Nest. 157. Feeding for Eggs. 158. Trapping Moles for Market. 159. Housing of Chickens. 165. Loganberry. 167. Programs and Suggestions for Study Clubs in Home Economics. 183. Home Co-operators' Demonstration Project. 184. Potato Growing in Oregon. 185. Improvement of Seed Potato. 186. Potato Diseases. 190. Preserving Eggs. 192. Brambles. 218. Methods of Cleaning. 222. The School Luncheon. 201. Oregon Rural Credits. 207. Field Bean. 203. Clover Insects. Emergency Circulars: Cold Pack Method of Canning. Foods — Preparedness. Home Vegetable Garden. The Hen in Town. Are You Proud of Your Front Yard? The improvement of rural highways and the building of good roads lay a new responsibility upon every farmer. It means that there will be a greatly increased amount of traffic passing by his homestead; it will bring him more closely in touch with the outside world, including citizens from the immediate neighborhood, from the surrounding counties and indeed from many parts of other states. The farmer and his Cherry Trees Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, etc. Free Catalog. Agents Wanted. Special Terms. MILTON NURSERY COMPANY MILTON. OREGON J. & H.GOODWIN, LTD. Apple Exporters and Commission Merchants Offices: London, Liverpool, Manchester and Hull, England New York, Boston; also Maine, Virginia and California Address Correspondence: 60 State St., Boston, Mass. A Decimal Tabulator on Every Silent Model The Decimal Tabulator is an inbuilt part of every Silent Model L. C. Smith & Bros. Type- writer, furnished at no additional cost. It insures accuracy in billing and tabulating. It saves time in regular correspondence work by enabling the typist to bring the carriage at once to any desired point of starting in the salutation, paragraphs and close of letters and addressing of envelopes. For an explanation of the advantages of the decimal tahulator, variable line spacer and many other features of the ball bearing, long wearing Silent models, send for the "Silent Smith" booklet — free of charge. L. C. Smith & Bros. Typewriter Co. Factory and Home Office Syracuse, N. Y. Branches in All Principal Cities 104 A Fifth Street, Portland, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 24 BETTER FRUIT August home life are now brought more directly to the attention of the general public. Under these circumstances, H. F. Major of the Missouri College of Agriculture suggests that he take more pride in the development of his home grounds. "A man is known by the company he keeps," so the character of a man is judged by his .home life and the atmosphere with which he sur- rounds himself. The improvement of the home grounds does not necessarily imply spending great sums or building an extensive "Show Place" decorated with architectural furnishings and for- mal gardens. It means treating the yard as an out-of-door living room; as a part of the house. It means, keeping it clean and neat and comfortable and cheerful. It should be decorated with fine trees, beautiful flowering shrubs, and with annual and perennial flowers that fill the soul with gladness and make home a lovable spot surrounded by endearing associations that tug at the heart-strings and give the full mean- ing of "Home, Sweet Home." Members Fruit Growers' Agency The following comprises a list of the selling concerns and associations that are members of the Fruit Growers' Agency for 1917, making the Fruit Growers' Agency the strongest and largest organization of its kind in Aemerica, making the Fruit Growers' Agency for the first time strong enough to be effective in carrying on the excel- lent work started in the year 1916, with which the growers are familiar through the various articles of information relative to the Fruit Growers' Agency that have appeared in Better Fruit and other publications. If there is any association or selling concern that has not joined they should do so without delay: Cashmere Fruit Growers' Union, Cashmere, Washington. Indian Cache Ranch, Lewiston, Idaho. Methow Pateros Unit, Pateros, Washington. Brewster District Unit, Brewster, Wash- ington. C. E. Berry, College Place-Blalock Growers' Association, R. F. D. No. 2, Walla Walla, Washington. Yakima Valley Fruit Growers' Association, North Yakima, Washington. Richey& Gilbert Co. H. M. GILBERT. President and Manager Grower* and Shipper! of Yakima Valley Fruits and Produce SPECIALTIES: Apples, Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON P $50.00 DAY WITH THE Gearless Improved Standard Well Drilling Machine Drills through any formation. Five years ahead of any other. Has record of drilling 130 feet and driving casing In 9 hours. Another record where 70 feet was drilled on %Vi gallons distillate at 9c per gallon. One man can operate. Electrically equipped for running nights. Fishing job. Engine Ignition. Catalogue W-8. REIERSON MACHINERY CO., Mfg., 1295-97 Hood St., Portland, Ore. Pittsburgh Perfect Cement COSltGd NcU.S are of the highest standard The Heads don't come off. Given Preference by Largest Pacific Coast Packers MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY PITTSBURGH STEEL COMPANY. Pittsburgh, Pa. A. C. RULOFSON COMPANY, Pacific Coast Agents 359 Monadnock Building, San Francisco, California WHEN WBITINC ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT i 9 iy BETTER FRUIT Page 25 Mosier Fruit Growers' Association, Mosicr, Oregon. Northwestern Fruit Exchange, Stuart Build- ing, Seattle, Washington. Idaho-Oregon Fruit Growers' Association. Payette, Idaho. Okanogan Growers' Union, Okanogan. Wash- ington. North Pacific Fruit Distributors, Spokane. Washington. Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association, Medford, Oregon. Wenatchee North Central Fruit Distributors, Wcna tehee, Washington. Wenatchee Apple Land Co., Paulsen Build- ing, Spokane. Washington. White Bros. & Clllin, North Yakima, Wash- ington. Blalock Fruit and Produce Co., Walla, Walla, Washington. Wenatchee Produce Company, Wenatchee. Washington. Northern Fruit Company, Wenatchee, Wash- ington. E. Wagner & Son. Wenatchee, Washington. Clarke-Oliver Apple Company, Wenatchee, Washington. Wenatchee Growers' Exchange, Wenatchee. Washington. Sunnyslope Fruit Exchange, Wenatchee, Washington. Richey & Gilbert Company, Toppenish, Washington. Hood River Fruit Company, Hood River, Oregon. Cashmere Apple Company, Cashmere, Wash- ington Earl Fruit Company of the Northwest, Mohawk Building, Spokane, Washington. White Salmon Valley Growers' Association, White Salmon, Wasshington. Dennis, Kimball & Pope, Inc., Medford, Ore- gon (E. M. McKeany). Omak Fruit Growers, Inc., Omak, Wash- ington. Yakima Commercial Club Association, North Yakima, Washington. Willamette Valley Fruit Exchange, Alvadote, Oregon. Peshastin Fruit Growers' Association, Peshas- tin, Washington. Growers' Service Company, North Yakima. Washington. Dufur Orchard Co-Owners' Company, The Dalles, Oregon. Montana Fruit Distributors, Hamilton. Mon- tana. Baker-Langdon Orchard Company, Walla Walla, Washington. Skookum Packers' Association, Leavenworth, Washington. Apple Growers* Association, Hood River, Oregon. (THE QOOD PUDGE TELLS WHICH IS BE rTEK.AHDWHV ifijj These Suggestions Will Help in the Fly Campaign. The Missouri College of Agriculture has received many requests for sugges- tions in conducting fly campaigns. Ob- servation of the following steps will bring effective results: (1) Kill as many flies as possible when they appear in spring. These first flies are the parents of the millions of germ-laden flies that will make life miserable throughout the summer. One fly killed early in the spring is equal to millions killed in August or September. (2) Endeavor to prevent flies from breeding or feeding on the premises. Some flies will escape, ORCHARD YARN Listen, Orchardists: Now is the time to tie your fruit trees. All limbs can be readily seen; the spurs are less easily broken off than later; the saving of time is considerable and yarn is probably as cheap as it will be this season. Orchard Yarn is the correct method of supporting trees and the saving of a few trees is worth the cost of the yarn for an entire orchard. Sold by all dealers. If they cannot supply you, please order direct from The Portland Cordage Company Portland, Oregon Seattle, Washington JUDGE, HE PAID 10 CENTS FOR. HIS TOBACCO. I PAID IO CENTS FOR. KUNE-- p WHICH DOVOU IMAQINe| IS BETTER? yQURS, of coursei 1 W-B CUT TOBACCO COIAEo ] IN SIAALL PACKAGES, i — WHILE CHEAP ORDINARY ] TOBACCO COMES IN ( — ■ TBIG BAGSJ A good many people are looking into what makes men change over to W-B CUT and stick to it Tobacco is tobacco, but all chewing, isn't all so. tobacco. You don't have gummy excess sweetening to chew out of W-B CUT, before you get down to sat- isfaction. The shreds are tobacco, through and through —and the richest, sappiest tobacco that grows. You notice the difference at once — W=B CUT goes twice as far as ordinary plug. Made by WEYMAN-BRUTON COMPANY, 1107 Broadway, New York City DODGE Eaton fif Campbell, Seattle "our experience with Zerolene has been en- tirely satisfactory." MERCER Mercer Pacific Coast Agc'y, San Francisco— "Zerolene has proven very satis- factory." ZEROLENE The Standard Oil for Motor Cars WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 26 BETTER FRUIT August This Hood River Apple Storage House IS INSULATED WITH Cabot's Insulating "Quilt" at the lowest cost and with the greatest efficiency and permanence. Quilt is made of eel-grass, the fiber that will not rot. will not burn, will not harbor insects or ver- min. It make a thick cushion of dead air spaces that keeps out heat better than other insulators that cost much more and that are not permanent, sanitary or safe. One layer of Quilt is equal in insulating power (by actual test) to forty or fifty layers of common building paper. It is easy to apply, low priced and never goes to pieces in the work. Send for sample of Quilt, with catalog and prices, to SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Manufacturing Chemists, Boston, Mass. or to the Northwest Distributors: S. W. R. DALLY, Globe Building, Seattle TIMMS, CRESS & CO., Portland Conservo Wood Preservative — preserves posts, planks and all other timbers Cabot's Creosote Stains— for shingles, siding and other outside finish. United States Government Bureau of Standards tests show Cabot's Quilt more efficient than any other Insulator, including cork board. Golden Gate Weed Cutter and Mulcher Farmers, order early if you want the Golden Gate Weed Cutter and Mulcher, as the demand this year will be great, as it not only cuts weeds, but kills them, and leaves finely pulverized top soil. Cuts any depth. Pre- vents evaporation by working under the soil without dis- turbing soil on top. Write for circular. C. G. SIGURD Capital Avenue and McKee Road, San Jose, California EW.BALTESAND COMPANY Printers • Binders Unexcelled facilities for the production of Catalogues, Book- lets, Stationery, Posters and Advertising Matter. Write us for prices and specifications. Out-of-town orders executed promptly and accurately. We print BETTER FRUIT. CORNER FIRST AND OAK STREETS PORTLAND, OREGON because they will breed in decaying vegetable matter or in the droppings of animals in the pastures. However, these will be almost negligible. (3) Fly traps are essential. They catch the flics com- ing from breeding places and thus pre- vent their migrating to the house. (1) Enlist the co-operation of all dealers in food supplies. Show them the danger from Hies and what may result from unsanitary surroundings of their prem- ises, tf necessary, patronize only those dealers who keep their premises and their products properly screened. They will soon clean their premises and eliminate flies if the campaign is brought to them in this financial light. (5) Endeavor to obtain community co- operation in the fly campaign. Do not be discouraged if a few people cannot be induced to clean up their premises. As soon as they see that the campaign is effective they will readily co-operate. Garden Plan Saves Labor. A little time spent in planning a gar- den will save a great deal of subsequent labor. C. G. Carpenter of the Missouri College of Agriculture suggests that the rows of vegetables run north and south, so that one side will receive sun- light in the morning and the other in the afternoon. This is the best arrange- ment wherever it is possible. The slope of the garden, if it is on a hillside, may prevent running the rows north and south. It is also advisable to space the rows so that horse-drawn implements can be used. Sometimes it pays to ar- range even such small plants as lettuce and radishes so that they may be culti- vated with labor-saving implements. In general, planting should be begun on one side of the garden and continued to the other. This will enable the gar- dener to keep the weeds down on the implanted area with minimum labor. Vegetables planted at the same time and requiring similar cultivation should be grouped in adjacent rows. However, the time of planting is more important than the kind of cultivation required. Rhubarb, horseradish, asparagus, win- ter onions and other plants which oc- cupy the ground longer than a year should be set apart. Parsnips, saisify and similar crops should be placed near the perennials. Vegetables which re- quire only a short growing season, such as onions, cabbage, lettuce, radishes, peas and beets, and second plantings of these crops may follow in order as planting proceeds across the garden. Attention, Fruit and Vegetable Growers CAN your Fruits, Vegetables, Meats and Fish in Sanitary Cans, with the H. & A. Steam Pressure Canning Outfits, built in Family, Orchard and Commercial size; seal the cans with the H. & A. Hand or Belt Power Double Seamer; they will save your perishable fruits and vegeta- bles at ripening time when nothing else will. Write for descriptive matter. Henninger & Ayes Mfg. Co. 47 S. First St., Portland, Ore. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT :iiiiiiitiimmiimiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiitiiiiiiiiti iiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiimiiiui UIUIUIIIIUIUIIIUUIUIIHI iiiiiiiiiiiiiimimnmiiii imuinni urn Ulllitlllllllinillllllllll iiniitiiiitiiiiiii^ | The Ideal Fruit Grader | SIMPLICITY, ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY ABSOLUTELY NO BRUISING Two men, one an experienced machinest, the other an experienced cabinet maker, with many I | years' practical experience in the fruit industry in Hood River, combined their mechanical skill and | | practical knowledge of fruit handling in perfecting a grading machine— a model of simplicity, I economy and efficiency. There is no machinery— Nothing to get out of order or be fixed connected with the Ideal Fruit | | Grader. It is practically all wood. | The operation is simple, consisting of a belt for a conveyor, operated by electricity or gasoline | I engine, and short elastic belts, which move each apple in the proper bin from the belt conveyor. The Ideal Fruit Grader divides the crop into Extra Fancy, Fancy and C-grade, all at one time. The | Extra Fancy being divided into seven bins on one side, the Fancy into seven bins on the other side 1 | and the C-grade going into six bins at the end of the grader. 1 Built for four sorters, the grader is 28 feet long and 9 feet wide built for eight sorters, 32 feet long. I In 1916 we packed 9,000 boxes with the Ideal Fruit Grader with two packers without the machine ever stopping once for repairs of any kind. Further detailed information, illustrated circulars and prices will be furnished upon request. IDEAL FRUIT AND NURSERY CO. HOOD RIVER, OREGON BnntoHnmimBHnnif iifiiinnimumiiif iiitiiniiiiif in tiitm ■ mi m mi tin muni mi 1 1 nt imituit tiiiiini im i m 111111111111111111 mtni inn i m 1111 in 1 1 mi tu i tun iiiiiiiHmiuifiiii n ininniiiiiiiii 1 iinmitimniiiiiiitiiii 11 ji 11111111 1 1111 11111111 u 111 iiiiiiii/imii i nuituif 11111 iiniiimunuuiiR Pacific Coast Agents United States Steel Products Co. San Francisco Los Angeles Portland Seattle J.C.Pearson Co.,inc. Sole Manufacturers Old South Bldg. Boston, Mass. PEARSON CONOMY E A R S o NAILS In buying Is getting the best value for the money. not always In getting the lowest prices. PEAJRSON prices are right. DHESIVENESS ° r WSn for PEARSON nails. For twenty years they have been making boxes strong. Now, more than ever. 17 T T A RTT TTV behind the goods Is X^XjXADXXjXX X added value. You can rely on our record of fulfillment of every contract and fair adjustment of every claim. ATT^JFAfTTOTV ls assured by our •rt.AlS3JT.rt.V;±lVjn long experience In making nails to suit our customers' needs. We know what you want: we guarantee satisfaction. RTflTNATITY P lua experience al- XVXUXil AXjX X X ways excels imita- tion. Imitation's highest hope Is, to sometime (not now) equal Pearson — meantime you play safe. A I L TRUE-TO-NAME Free From Pests That's what you want when you plant fruit trees. That's what you get when you order the O.&F.Unxld Brand Get our prices before planting this spring. Largest stock in the Northwest. All grown on virgin soil. Everything in fruit trees and a full line of Flowering Shrubs Roses, Shade and Ornamental Trees Ornamental and Fruit Nursery Co. Box 217 K WAPATO, WASH. Catalog will be mailed free upon request. WHEW WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION RFTTFR ERI'IT I^S^S^S THE WORLD - OUR ORCHARD |«^ OUR ORCHARD ^X Steiiw 6c Kelly I NEW YORK I bNQUE5TI?NdB>LY THE f\°F Ingram Fd(T3 and 175 Apples. By O. H. Barnhill, Ashland, Oregon marks may be passed. It is hard to draw the line here, because some varie- ties, such as the Newtown, naturally have a good deal of russeting around the stem. So it is with stings, scab and limb rubs, which are often concealed near the calyx or hidden by russeting, being of such microscopic dimensions that only the closest scrutiny will re- veal them. And yet, if a grader be instructed to admit even the very tiniest of blemishes he is apt to overlook some that are quite large. The old saying, "Give a man an inch and he will take a mile" applies with peculiar force to fruit grading. The most stringent rules are the safest for the average workman. Second-grade apples should be in good condition and free from insects. They may be somewhat misshapen, but should not be "crooked up" by aphis. Neither should they be too badly "stung up," although a few blemishes of this kind may be omitted, care being taken to distinguish between a sting and a worm hole. When in doubt, throw it out. The rule for scab is to pass a spot as large as a dime, or a number of spots whose combined size is no larger than a dime. The same rule might apply to limb rubs. Bruises and rotten spots should, of course, be excluded. The four boxes into which the four sizes of first-class apples are graded should be placed on one side of the box from which the apples are being sorted, with four boxes to receive the seconds on the other side. Culls are thrown into a box beneath the table. As the boxes are filled they are stacked away for packing, each size and grade being piled separately. Girls make better packers and grad- ers than men, because they are more careful and teachable. On the other hand, they are not strong enough to handle a box of apples, so it is neces- sary to furnish male help to carry the fruit to and away from them. The usual price paid for packing is five cents a box and for grading two cents, the latter for boxes level full. One cent a box is paid for nailing up boxes, a nailing press being needed for this work. The same price is paid for mak- ing boxes, for which a table is provided with two sets of thin boards fixed in an upright position to hold the end pieces. Five-penny box nails are used, four for each cleat and side board. If the cleats split they should be soaked in water. Apple paper generally comes in two sizes, 10x10 and 9x9, the former for four-tier sizes and larger, the latter for four-and-and-one-half tier and smaller. Cardboard is no longer used between the layers, but one sheet is placed in the bottom of the box and one on top, inside the lining paper. Two sheets of the latter are folded over the sides of the box, the edges lapping over the ciack in the bottom. The wrapping paper is held in a shallow tray fast- Continued on page 25 19 1 J BETTER FRUIT Page 7 Monthly Crop Report, Dept. of Agriculture All farm products have shown a steady increase in price, with very few- exceptions, from 1910 to 1917. The fol- lowing table is not only very interest- ing but very instructive. Attention is called to a few of the important pro- ducts and the increases shown: Hogs, $8.15 to $13.35; beef, *4.84 to $8.30; sheep, $5.47 to $9.32; wool, 19.0 to 54.3; milch cows, $42.86 to $72.81. Horses are an exception, showing a decrease from $1-18 to $135, probably due to automobiles and auto tractors. Cab- bage, $2.27 to $3.23; onions, $1.04 to $2.01; beans, $2.34 to $8.07 (nearly 400% increase, possibly due to the large demand for beans for army require- ments); wheat 90.4 to 228.9; corn, 78.1 to 196.0; oats, 49.8 to 73.7; barley, 57.1 to 114.5; potatoes, 83.6 to 170.8; hav, $9.28 to $13.42; cotton, 10.3 to 24.3; butter, 22.4 to 34.0; eggs, 19.2 to 29.8. There is no comparison on apples, as the prices given are for the 1916 crop. The increase in every commodity with the exception of apples, which is not shown, is all the way from 50 to 300 per cent. It does certainly seem that with every product increasing in price, as given in the above scale of percent- ages, that the United States, the richest nation of the world, possessing over one-third of all the gold in existence, having a banking capital reported equal to all the other nations combined; in connection with the immense export trade to the warring nations, which are largely dependent upon the United States for supplies; with business more prosperous than il has been in the his- tory of the country; with everybody at work at splendid wages, the oppor- tunity for getting good prices on apples is certainly very hopeful, and so far as we can see there is no reason why, if the apple crop is properly handled and properly distributed, growers should not get splendid prices — prices that will afford them a good living, pay them well for their labor and a reasonable amount on the investment. Turn Apple Waste to PROFIT Cider Making Will Pay Someone in Your Section Handsomely WILL IT BE YOU? Start a paying business that prows almost without effort. Thousands are making Big Money turning apple waste into profits for their neighbors by making Good Market- able Cider from wind-falls, culls, undergrades, etc., on Mount Gilead Hydraulic Cider Presses Sizes 10 to 400 bbls. daily. We also make cider evaparators. apple butter cookers, vinegar generators, filters, etc. All machinery is fully guaranteed All power presses have steel beams and sills. Write today catalog. HYDRAULIC PRESS MFC. CO. > SO Lincoln Avenue Mt. Gilead, O. Pacific Coast Representatn The Berger & Carter Co. ' San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle W 1Ci I '-■ mmm MONTHLY CROP REPORT DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE— ESTIMATED CROP CONDITIONS AUGUST 1, 1917, WITH COMPARISON'S STATE Condition August 1 Forecast 1917 from Condition December Estimate 1916 a o r* 0J e« > a C « s. > C 3 b"4 H< 5 = Hn z — B| = PEACHES Condition August 1 Forecast 1917 from Condition r*" ~ 1 — - > o a. E B Condition August 1 ci X< Forecast 1917 from Condition £5 S •* C5 zj > 03 I — C ^ 0. > Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts . . Rhode Island . . . Connecticut New York . . . New Jersey . . Pennsylvania Delaware . . . Maryland Virginia West Virginia . North Carolina South Carolina . Georgia Florida Ohio . . Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri . North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas Kentucky Tennessee , Alabama . - Mississippi I iniisiana . Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona .... Utah Nevada .... P.ct. 62 62 58 60 63 56 40 55 53 73 62 55 41 65 83 15 58 65 46 72 7 2 60 51 .SO 65 42 65 50 66 53 :,n 58 63 66 67 73 80 59 (•,:, 94 go Idaho 90 Washington xi Oregon (17 California 82 United States. 55.1 P.ct. 64 63 63 67 67 68 59 61 58 59 60 58 5 1 58 56 58 48 49 II 56 59 62 48 46 till 50 15 53 52 51 50 56 59 57 56 75 66 57 i',l 76 66 51 71 78 77 79 Thousands; 000 omitted. 54.3 Bu.' 4.630 1,350 2,064 2,623 263 1,512 22,186 1,977 14,310 436 2,610 10,725 5,861 6,669 859 1,687 8,724 6,076 8,233 8,803 3.30." 1,426 6,1 69 11,880 36 2,436 2.957 8,619 5.01 X 1,390 3 1,495 1.1 III 925 1,013 646 129 846 216 2,1125 8,505 3,329 5.515 Bu.' 4,905 1,335 2,331 3,084 314 1,886 26, I6.S 2,325 16,158 428 2,652 111.725 5,59 I 6,464 844 1,687 9,305 6,7 1 1 8,075 9,893 3,435 1,171 6.397 12,352 Bbls' 848 203 275 401 13 126 3,697 363 1,431 79 365 1,572 781 489 5 185 872 546 961 1.115 153 48 20 1,110 360 2,6971 162 247 8,463 431 5.319 1 ,252 360 '.396 l .6:12 3,859 1,253 1.195 766 151 852 192 201 1 r, 19 758 139 ' 670 129 16 141 2 2,153 238 8,091 1,985 1,173 388 5. en: 1,196 Bu.' Bbls* P.ct.' 5,040 941 1,596 250 76 3,312 497 3,450 517 90 201 13 83 1,830 153 84 37,800 6,930 80 2,250 413 65 18,621 1,862 60 219 37 86 2.544 297 77 13,299 1,995 53 10,032 1,271 60 7.1171 637 65 588 4 86 1,623 157 67 40 1 8,601 860 21 3,921 261 35 4,848 566 17 12,180 1,414 26 2,631 105 1,266 42 1.725 110 5 8,100 675 15 348 5 1,701 1 12 3.120 208 10 6,441 215 52 5,318 177 36 1,110 19 58 348 6 63 55 4G8 20 15 825 27 1 1 3,05 I 611 in 768 102 2,205 367 86 357 59 35 138 17 80 99 3 95 48 55 111 15 85 9,675 1 ,935 Nil 3,855 511 68 5,75 1 1.217 90 202.2 15 25,695 52.91 P.ct. 63 57 60 65 52 C3 52 52 56 50 47 57 59 63 64 46 45 41 55 26 37 29 37 48 50 55 56 flu.* "47 145 27 281 2,216 858 1,440 671 962 818 810 1,495 1,124 4,319 103 651 648 442 806 39 900 290 1,111 1,080 1,769 1,134 151 2,205 Bu.' "48 129 29 [ 3101 2.161] 1, l,435l 650 1.000 848 596 1,333 1,029 4,254 101 698 725 485 822 72 1,110 339 1.187 1,213 1 ,355 940 in:. 2.25 1 Bu.' "24 "66 14 131 1,238 689 1,069 346 600 660 520 897 545 3,510 119 1,350 888 780 2,010 64 1,080 30 150 880 1,080 1,110 975 56 2.. SCO 19 1,012 60 1,920 45 51 72 60 54 60 68 69 79 1,178 1,022 230 2.975 2,310 1,315 105 60 51 60 56 128 128 6 1711 150 552 552 320 320 10,080 10,080 lo 60 81 1 25 1 15 276 8, NIIS 54.0 12,691 13,522 36,939 P.ct. 55 60 60 65 59 66 61 53 57 68 65 49 34 58 74 48 27 41 51 58 64 85 48 48 50 48 30 45 50 60 60 45 60 50 80 55 82 so 76 75 78 70 90 61.9 P.ct. 74 73 73 71 76 75 63 63 64 50 59 51 46 52 58 59 57 55 53 46 63 69 12 II 50 50 51) 15 53 55 63 60 48 52 72 65 7S 63 61 71 79 75 79 Bu.' 26 19 16 83 9 37 1.629 563 447 266 486 173 40 145 96 122 Hi 330 375 439 737 216 11 87 183 72 95 96 42 25 1 35 82 9 195 15 21 56 6 71 566 560 1.989 61.0 in. si: Bu.' flu.* P.cf. 34 38 23 25 21 24 97 111 83 12 14 85 40 46 86 1,658 1,675 86 639 687 85 502 509 83 254 164 82 508 378 82 148 122 82 36 42 80 130 /a 83 94 56 86 134 135 82 40 54 362 376 81 404 351 79 427 354 81 804 836 82 26 90 85 90 63 50 229 164 72 94 . 16 111 25 116 77 50 184 160 78 78 59 73 93 90 80 101 90 76 38 49 73 25 1 322 65 11 11 56 75 68 75 14 6 ' 207 ' ' 99 87 15 36 70 21 IS 90 54 12 90 6 2 100 81 50 88 581 55 1 83 640 555 83 2, 037 1,781 95 11,368 1(1.377 89.3 P.ct. 85 84 85 80 86 77 83 80 80 71 82 78 80 78 79 76 81 79 76 72 71 66 76 73 75 73 78 72 67 71 71 73 89 so 75 82 86 87 90 81.3 Page 8 BETTER FRUIT September AVERAGE OF PRICES RECEIVED BY PRODUCERS OF THE UNITED STATES. Prices Of articles quoted below as first of month are averages of reports of county crop reporters, weighted according to relative importance oi counts -"i' 1 state; fifteenth of month prices are averages of returns from a list of about 7,000 country buyers; state averages are weighted according to their re lative impo rtance to obtain the United States averages, prices in same units as in table bv slates above Wheal 1 Oats Barley Rye Buckwheat . . . Potatoes S\\ eet Potatoes Flaxseed Hay Apples Cotton Butter Chickens 90.-1 78.1 49.8 57.1 71.2 80.1 83.6 107.1 9.28 10.3 os 107.1 75.2 50.0 61.2 78.5 82.9 85.1 137.0 9.74 11.3 22.4 19.2 11.2 98.9 67.2 41.7 54.7 74.4 74.8 64.9 209.7 11.29 14.3 23.8 17.6 12.2 82.7 05.8 40.2 09.3 75.5 76.0 136.0 199.2 14.67 13.2 21.7 15.5 11.2 os 89.7 79.3 44.3 66.8 77.9 83.6 86.5 175.2 12.98 12.0 23.7 17.4 11.3 77.1 65.4 37.6 50.8 60.7 72.4 69.2 118.6 11.16 11.5 24.9 17.2 12.4 OS 76.5 76.8 36.7 45.1 61.0 81.2 87.1 97.5 150.7 11.52 12.4 23.7 18.2 12.8 106.5 78.9 45.4 56.7 89.0 89.2 56.3 85.8 144.6 11.02 8.1 24.2 17.0 12.2 OS 107.1 79.4 40.1 59.3 83.4 89.0 95.4 87.1 178.1 10.68 80.4 12.6 26.1 20.7 13.8 131.2 83.6 43.1 72.9 99.7 86.4 109.3 89.9 190.2 10.42 77.7 14.6 27.4 23.3 13.9 136.3 82.3 44.5 76.5 104.1 90.4 112.0 83.7 199.2 10.36 83.1 15.5 29.0 28.1 14.3 158.4 85.0 49.0 83.2 115.3 102.9 135.7 80.6 234.7 10.68 87.6 18.0 31.1 32.2 14.3 160.S 88.9 52.4 88.2 122.1 112.9 146.1 84.8 248.1 11.21 91.8 19.6 34.4 38.1 14.2 OS 150.3 90.0 51.4 87.1 118.5 117.2 147.3 90.1 250.7 11.19 101.1 17.1 34.0 37.7 13.9 164.8 95.8 55.2 92.7 123.5 114.6 172.4 95.8 253.7 11.96 110.0 16.8 33.5 35.8 14.7 164.4 100.9 56.9 96.9 126.0 124.8 240.7 110.7 253.1 12.14 123.3 15.9 34.1 33.8 15.5 180.0 113.4 61.5 102.3 135.6 128.3 234.7 124.0 266.1 13.05 133.0 18.0 33.5 25.9 16.1 245.9 150.6 71.0 1 !_<{>. 1 164.1 150.6 279.6 141.3 300.0 14.44 149.8 18.9 36.1 30.0 17.5 248.5 160.1 69.9 119.3 183.0 183.7 274.0 149.4 298.8 15.25 157.2 20.2 35.0 31.1 17.5 220.1 164.6 68.9 106.6 177.1 209.2 247.9 140.5 278.0 14.56 151.1 24.7 33.5 28.3 17.3 228.9 196.6 73.7 111.5 178.1 189.3 170.8 129.3 271.6 13.42 127.0 24.3 34.0 29.8 17.1 AVERAGE OF PRICES RECEIVED BY PRODUCERS OF THE UNITED STATES Hogs Beef cattle Veal calves Sheep Lambs Wool Milk (wholesale) Milch cows Horses Cabbage Onions Beans Hav— Timothy Clover Alfalfa Timothy seed . . . Clover seed Alafalfa seed . . . Cotton seed Broom corn Cowpcas Kafir corn Bran Cottonseed meal . Peanuts Hops Cottonseed hulls Peaches OS 8.15 4.84 6.37 5.47 6.71 19.0 21.0 42.86 148 2.27 l!04 2.34 7.17 180 22 32.38 5.2 5.92 4.28 5.74 4.19 5.42 15.4 20.9 42.44 139 2.93 1.22 2.23 5.48 8.83 22.70 68 25.80 31.17 5.0 25.8 6.64 5.17 6.33 4.21 5.74 18.9 22.2 45.41 142 2.29 1.14 2.47 5.96 10.64 8.32 19.04 28.41 31.82 4.9 28.9 1.51| 1.12 7.81 5.98 7.46 4.20 6.05 15.9 20.7 54.80 143 2.64 1.02 2.22 1.94 9.78 8.20 21.37 57 24.65 31.56 5.1 14.8 1.30 7.72 6.38 7.80 4.75 6.55 18.5 59.67 137 2.66 1.70 2.22 13.06 11.85 8.65 2.32 8.12 6.92 22.78 88 26.36 32.02 5.2 14.7 1.20 6.84 6.07 7.87 5.35 7.21 24.2 20.2 60.31 134 1.95 .93 2.75 13.43 11.65 8.28 2.57 7.96 8.51 20.05 79 27.47 31.36 4.7 10.5 9.05 1.00 8.40 6.78 8.54 6.33 8.16 28.6 20.5 62.04 133 2.15 1.47 5.09 12.97 10.84 9.87 3.08 9.15 10.30 30.00 103 1.35 0.63 25.81 34.93 4.6 10.1 15.43 1.09 8.61 9.22 6.51 6.55 8.59 8.77 6.22 6.25 8.15 8.22 29.0 28.4 21.2 21.2 61.32 61.41 131 131 2.26 2.17 1.34 1.23 4.59 4.60 11.74 11.57 9.93 10.01 9.80 10.06 2.36 2.22 9.12 8.65 9.33 9.27 35.22 41.13 120 129 1.41 1.42 .72 .84 26.53 27.50 35.05 36.17 4.6 4.4 16.4 14.90 14.14 1.15 1.18 8.67 6.37 8.59 6.20 8.02 28.7 22.2 62.19 130 2.40 1.31 4.47 11.54 10.08 10.25 2.27 8.54 8.61 47.19 168 1.48 .81 28.48 37.80 4.4 21.0 14.41 1.12 8.74 6.44 8.60 6.41 8.41 29.4 23.0 62.67 129 2.61 1.54 5.53 12.03 10.46 11.37 2.25 9.20 8.30 55.82 173 1.62 1.02 31.54 41.52 4.4 21.5 17.28 OS 8.76 6.56 8.79 6.7 8.7: 30.8 23.6 63.18 129 3.04 1.76 5.77 12.29 10.86 12.31 2.31 9.40 8.56 56.35 172 1.77 1.02 32.49 42.96 4.7 18.2 17.70 9.16 6.86 9.15 7.33 9.59 31.8 23.6 03.92 129 3.05 2.08 5.71 12.01 11.38 12.79 2.44 9.60 7.97 52.53 184 1.92 1.19 32.76 42.95 4.9 11.8 17.93 10.33 7.36 9.88 8.17 10.51 32.7 24.0 65.93 131 5.65 3.58 6.07 12.91 11.65 13.03 2.46 9.87 7.75 51.43 201 2.10 1.29 34.87 43.33 .3 12.32 7.91 9.94 9.21 11.46 36.7 23.8 68.40 133 6.77 4.76 6.49 13.20 11.90 14.68 2.70 10.32 8.53 53.18 212 2.32 1.47 38.33 43.67 5.5 18.49 •I 18.39 a < 13.61 8.57 10.49 9.69 12.03 38.4 24.4 72.09 136 7.61 4.96 7.37 14.26 13.06 17.68 2.76 10.41 9.03 55.94 227 2.53 1.52 42.07 44.73 6.2 19.09 13.72 8.70 10.48 10.15 12.51 43.7 25.2 72.78 138 7.53 3.98 8.94 15.31 13.94 17.92 3.09 10.40 8.85 55.61 252 2.93 1.88 44.19 45.62 7.2 19.65 13.50 8.65 10.60 9.84 12.64 49.8 24.8 72.87 137 5.10 3.08 8.99 15.76 14.22 16.77 3.09 10.29 8.61 57.19 223 3.09 2.06 40.83 45.14 7.7 - 13.35 8.30 10.77 9.32 11.19 54.3 24.6 72.81 135 3.23 2.01 8.07 14.68 12.95 14.13 3.04 10.50 8.71 56.90 194 3.03 2.14 40.40 46.45 7.6 19.46 19.72 1.701 1.45 Bitter Pit — It's Cause and Control [Continued from August number] The control of bitter pit in the fruit, both while growing on the tree and in oversea shipments, was the final object of this investigation, and a study of the cause was a necessary preliminary. It has been proved experimentally that when fruit is picked on the green side or just when it is beginning to reach the ripening stage, and kept in cold storage at a temperature of 30-32 de- grees Fahrenheit, the development of bitter pit is retarded and the ripening process arrested. From the very nature of the disease it is hardly possible to prevent it altogether while the fruit is still growing on the tree, but it has been found practicable to reduce it to such an extent that the loss is compara- tively trifling. The results of experiments in differ- ent states enable us to draw the con- clusion that light pruning is associated with a small amount of pit, and severe pruning with a large amount. A special pruning experiment, extending over five years, with Cleopatra trees which were nine years old to start with, and had been so badly affected with pit that the orchardist had cut most of them down, shows the effect of pruning very de- cidedly. The leader and lightly-pruned trees had the largest crops with from 4 to 6 per cent pitted, while the severely-pruned trees had 22 per cent pitted. Where irrigation is practiced, a proper use of the water will help to reduce pit. An experiment was con- ducted with a susceptible variety at the susceptible age of five years. Where the trees were lightly watered through- out the season there was 14 per cent of pit, while in trees with a medium sup- ply of water at first but a heavy water- ing toward the end of the period, pit was much worse. The heavily-watered trees showed over three times the amount of pit, or 90 per cent. The application of sulphate of iron, in several instances, gave very prom- ising results, and it is worthy of being tried on a large scale, as well as for a sufficient number of seasons. Experi- ments on a limited scale show that the yield was increased and the amount of pit considerably reduced when sulphate of iron was applied at the rate of one to two pounds per tree. There are two series of experiments which were initiated at the commence- ment of this investigation and which may be found to help considerably in reducing the pit, but from their very nature require a considerable time to yield reliable results. I refer to the experiments with stocks and the prun- ing experiments, combined with thin- ning of the fruits. The stock experi- ments are being conducted at the School of Horticulture, Burnley, and the trees are enclosed in a bird-proof screen, so that the fruit is not inter- fered with by birds nor small animals. The trees are now coming into bearing, being five years old from planting, and with the crop carefully gathered and the percentage of pit determined for at least five seasons, the effect of the stock on the development of pit will be demonstrated. Through the courtesy of the director of the Royal Ciardens, Kew, England, I have received a supply of pips and cuttings of the Wild Crab Apple of Britain, and these will also be tested as stocks with different varieties of marketable apples. There is a pos- sibility that the stock might affect the scion in such a way as to render the Continued on page 26 Ipir BETTER FRUIT Page 9 r Trees planted in <1ur holes. Note two are missing;. Compare size and general appearance with the row in blasted ground at the right. Trees set in blasted holes grow faster and yield better T? IGHTEEN years ago George W. Brown blasted the beds for ■" ninety out of 100 apple trees that he planted. The trees set in dug-holes average 18 feet high, with a spread of 16 feet and a trunk girth of 27 inches. The other trees, in blasted beds, average 25 feet high, more than 25 feet in spread, and have a trunk girth of 42 inches. Plant your fruit trees in beds blasted with SSfiFARM POWDERS > i\ STUMPING — AGRICULTURAL and you will find, as experiment stations have found, that " trees planted in blasted holes develop deeper and stronger root sys- tems than trees planted in spade-dug holes," and will bear earlier and yield larger crops. The Giant Farm Powders are made especially to suit western farm con- ditions. They pulverize the soil instead of packing it. They are used by hundreds of fruit growers for planting and deep-tilling their orchards. Ask your dealer for one of the Giant Farm Powders — Giant Stumping Powder or Eureka Stumping Powder, and for other Giant blasting supplies. Be sure to get the genuine, bearing the Giant brand. If your dealer has only ordinary dynamites, we shall see that you are supplied. Free Book Coupon Trunk of tree planted in blasted bed Hard- pan broken up. giving roots ample room for development. I THE GIANT POWDER CO.. Con. I San Francisco. Send me your illustrated books on me subjects which I have marked X: D STUMP BLASTING D BOULDER BLASTING D SUBSOIL BLASTING O TREE PLANTING D DITCH BLASTING 202 I | Address Writt bttow your dtaUr't namt Book, " Better Orchard Tillage," FREE Every fruit grower will find valuable information in our illustrated book, "Better Orchard Tillage." It contains a complete analysis of how and why blasting soils increases growth and yields. It also tells how to do the blasting. We'll send you a copy free — mark and mail the coupon. Other books, on stump blasting, boulder blasting, sub- soiling and ditching, also free on request. THE GIANT POWDER CO., Con., Home Office: SAN FRANCISCO "EVERYTHING FOR BLASTING" Branch Offices: SEATTLE, SPOKANE. PORTLAND. SALT LAKE CITY. DENV r H Trunk of tree planted in same soil, without blastine. Note how hardpan has forced roots to surface and observe effect of lack of food. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 10 BETTER FRUIT September Make This Year's Apple Crop Fit the Market Third Article in Growers' Campaign to Meet the Apple Situation UNCLE SAM takes the keenest inter- est in this year's apple crop. For the fruit must be used to help save wheat and meats for our allies. The Food Administration is planning a con- sumer campaign of publicity through- out the country. This year's apple crop calls for intel- ligent handling. The latest government reports indicate a crop of about 190,- 000,000 bushels. That is a little below normal. Good prices are assured for all honestly packed first quality apples and also for honestly packed selected second grades, which government ex- perts say can be put into storage. When the crop is big it does not pay to store second grades, but this year, despite the fact that we cannot ship our usual 2,000,000 barrels of apples abroad, be- cause shipping space is precious, we should be able to get fair prices for all good apples at home. Careless packing of poor quality fruit has always been one of the chief causes of market instability and unsatisfactory prices to the growers. This year the whole apple industry is co-operating to remove this market handicap. There has never been an apple year such as this one is going to be. Growers have never been able to get together and engage and finance a national educa- tional campaign among consumers to increase apple consumption. This year the situation makes it necessary for the United States government, through the Food Administration, to conduct a con- sumer's campaign of publicity on behalf of the apple. This campaign will begin while the crop is being sent to market and will probably continue till the last apple is eaten up late next spring. So the grower has three great incentives for grading, packing and storing this crop with especial care. (1) It is a good crop and calls for care. (2) The government will encourage apple eating and apple storage and will discourage apple spec- ulation that raises the price abnormally. (3) We must eat up at home more than two million barrels of apples which would ordinarily be exported. To get the best of the crop to the market in prime condition it must be picked carefully at the time of maturity and promptly cooled in temporary stor- age, and then skillfully graded and packed. Second grade fruit should not go into barrels or boxes. If it cannot be marketed in bulk in nearby consum- ing centers, then it should be worked up into by-products along with the culls. There has been a gratifying improve- ment in apple marketing the past two or three years, Western apples are boxed to strictly honest standards by the great co-operative growers' organi- zations in Washington, Oregon, Cali- fornia, Idaho and Colorado. The East- ern barrel apple has also been wonder- fully improved in New York and other states. Because apples are honestly packed and give the best possible value for the money, there is an increase in the consumer demand. Retail merchants who were formerly almost afraid to buy apples in barrels, because they were not sure of getting marketable values for their money, are now buying freely and in confidence. This good work makes it possible for the gov- ernment to go further and encourage the use of apples as a war-time food measure. Because the bulk of the crop will be picked by volunteer workers this year, and put into common storage until the grower can find time to grade and pack, there will be an opportunity to give closer personal attention to the grading and packing than might be the case if the crop were handled as in peace times. For the grower who desires in- structions in apple packing the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Washington has information in bulletin form. These bulletins can be secured free by writing to the department. Growers will do well to obtain a few copies for their pickers and packers. GLASS When you are ready for a new pump, look deeper than tha paint, for paint soon wears off and has nothing what- ever to do with pumping water. Ask your deafer = show you a MYERS PUMP with Cog Gear .Handle and Non Corrosive Glass Valve Seat and have him explain why it pumps 33V'3% easier than (he ordinary kind, and why Myers Leathers stay soft and pliable and last longer than others. He will be glad to tell you about these and the ^f many other Myers fea- ^^ tures that make Myers Pumps better. Ask him, or write us. Attractive booklets on request. F.E.MYERS &BRO. ASHLAND OHIO i2Q ORANGE ST WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ioij BETTER FRUIT Page II \f:M ;,, lira Tffffi Hudson Super-Six Proves Endurance A Test That Never Fails to Reveal Every Weakness and Prove Every Strength of a Motor Car Stock Hudson Super-Six cars are deliberately sent through tests more trying, more destructive, than any the average driver could imagine. For one hour, a fully equipped phaeton with top and windshield up and carrying five passengers, was sent at top speed. It averaged 70.74 miles an hour and established the best time for such a perfor- mance with a stock car. The test, officially observed by the American Automobile Association, was one of the many similar tests to prove endur- ance. It was not a preconceived campaign of tests that we set out to make. Each test was thought suf- ficient in itself. But just as the giant is surprised as he realizes the ease with which he accomplishes each feat that he had felt would try his strength, so the Super-Six has so easily met every test that more trying and abusive trials have been devised. We were sure that in the 24-hour test a stock chas- sis would break all previous records. But no one thought it would go 347 miles farther than any other car had ever gone in 24 hours. The Super- Six covered 1819 miles. It broke all records for a traveling machine. So, too, when a seven-passenger Super-Six set out from San Francisco for New York it was with con- fidence that it would lower the time of all other transcontinental runs. It did so by 14 hours and 59 minutes. Then because the run had been made so easily and without special planning, the car was turned around and raced back to San Francisco. In the return trip it also did better than any other automobile had ever done in crossing the continent in either direction. Hudson's round trip required 10 days and 21 hours. There is hardly any quality of a car that is so important to the buyer as that of endurance. Safety, comfort, reliability, low maintenance cost are all dependent upon endurance. Every quality of motor car satisfaction is depend- ent upon power acceleration, speed and endurance. And every Hudson test proves that in these respects there is no car that equals it. Convincing as the official records are, there is still further proof that no other car has to offer equal advantages. These proofs are furnished by 37,000 Hudson Super-Six owners. They have added their experiences to the official tests. Others Have Increased Their Prices — Not Hudson Other makers are now announcing price increases which bring the former $1,200 and $1,300 cars into the Hudson class. Until present material sup- plies are exhausted Hudson prices remain unchanged. So you can get for a limited time a Super-Six at a price not influenced by present high material costs. When the present allotment is exhausted then Hudson, too, must go up in price. There are eight body types. The 7-passenger phaeton sells at $1,650 at Detroit. HUDSON MOTOR CAR COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 12 BETTER FRUIT September u EVERYWHERE IN THE NORTHWEST You will find an army of orchardists gathering their fruit "}•> crops on HARDIE Fruit Ladders These all spruce picking ladders merit your attention. While strong they are light in weight, giving your picker confidence by their strength, while their light weight does not tire him. The Design Increases His Working Range In these days of increasing wages the Hardie Ladders will aid greatly in keeping picking costs at the old figure through giving you a "Bigger Day's Work" from your picker. Stock Sizes Range from 4 to 14 feet. Price per foot 40c THE HARDIE MFG. CO. 49 North Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Not Overprocuction of Apples, But Lack of Distribution THK subscribers of Better Fruit will recall the article entitled "Not Overproduction of Apples but Lack of Distribution" that appeared in the July edition of Better Fruit, giving the number of cars of apples sold in 1916 in towns of 3,000 to 5,000; the number of towns sold and not sold with a popu- lation of 5,000 to 10,000; the number of towns sold and not sold of 10,000 to 20,000: the number of towns sold and not sold of 20,000 to 50,000; the number of towns sold and not sold of 50,000 and over in each state. In addition to this the article contained statistics showing the names of the towns over 3,000 and the population of each in each state in the United States sold during 1916. In the August edition of Better Fruit we published another article entitled "More Information on Fruit Distribu- tion," giving names of the towns over 3,000 in Minnesota, Louisiana and Ohio that have not been sold. Attention is called to the fact that Ohio has 117 towns of over 3,000 poluation, of which ten have been sold and 107 not sold. In every state in the Union the number of towns of over 3,000 that are sold is comparatively small to the towns of over 3,000 unsold. It must be admitted, of course, that every town in the United States of over 3,000 population cannot be sold. The states that produce apples in large quantities do not afford so By E. H. Shepard, Editor of Better Fruit great an opportunity as the states where apples are not grown commercially. It must be borne in mind, of course, that some Northwestern States, like Minne- sota, the Dakotas and Wyoming; the Southwestern States, like Texas and Arizona, do not grow apples in a com- mercial way. In fact, very few apples are grown in the states mentioned. The Southeastern States are small producers of apples, although a few are grown in the mountainous regions of Georgia, North Carolina, some in Tennessee and Kentucky, but comparatively none are grown in South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi, con- sequently all of these states should be large purchasers of apples. Towns under 3,000 population deserve special attention. The editor has taken the list of towns reported sold during 1916 through the Fruit Growers' Agency and of the Northwestern Fruit Exchange from the time they commenced doing business up to December 31, 1916, giving the name of each town in each state under 3,000 that has been sold, with the population. A careful study of the list will not only give some wonder- ful surprises but some pretty big "jolts" in showing the possibilities of the small towns. The population as stated is taken from the Produce Beporter Credit Book, 1917, copyrighted, and in some cases are probably approximate esti- mates. The surprising feature in look- ing over the population of towns sold is that even towns of only 200 popula- tion have been sold, a greater number of 300 to 400 have been sold and a large number of towns sold around 1,000 to 2,000. One is led to believe that a town of this population is an excellent prospect for carlot shipments. The natural inference would be that a town of 300 to 400 would not buy carlots, but it should be borne in mind that such towns sometimes have a very large business tributary to them containing some very large general merchandise stores, handling fruits such as oranges, bananas and apples. There are over 33,000 towns in the United States under 3,000 population, of which only about 311 have been sold. I desire to impress upon everybody connected with the fruit industry the importance of selling Northwestern apples direct. The reasons for direct business are twofold. When a small or medium town is sold direct instead of through some big city, two extra cart- ages are saved and one extra freight bill and one intermediate profit, which may vary all the way from 20 to 40 cents. Three extra handlings are avoided, two cartages and one railway shipment, which means the apples can be delivered to the consumer in better condition. Another important reason is i 9 i7 BETTER FRUIT Page 13 that supplying towns under 3,000 direct the pressure will be relieved in the big cities, consequently a better level of prices maintained, which would also be a factor in maintaining a higher level of prices in the smaller cities. The average individual does not realize what it means to crowd the market. I will cite as an illustration the report on Bartlett pears during one week in New York City, as given in the Monthly Bul- letin published by the State Commis- sioner of Horticulture, Sacramento, in an article, "The Scientific Distribution of Fruit," by Harris Weinstock, Director State Commission Market, San Fran- cisco, probably for the year 1916: CHART SHOWING MOVEMENT OF BART- LETT PEARS FOR ONE WEEK IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK Dale Cars Boxes Av'ge Monday July 24 52 27,100 $2.04 Tuesday July 25 27 10,045 2.21 Wednesday .. .July 26 23 11,765 2.48 Thursday July 27 28 14,550 2.28 Friday July 28 31 16,195 2.57 It will be seen the price varied largely in accordance with the quantity offered. With 27,100 boxes on the mar- ket the price was $2.04, evidently an oversupply, breaking the market, be- cause on Wednesday, with 11,765 boxes, the average price was $2.48, or 44 cents difference; 44 cents less than when the market was crowded. Undoubtedly similar differences will prevail in any market when glutted with an over- supply of apples just the same as any other kind of fruit or any other com- modity. This of course would apply more to fruit because it is perishable, than to a non-perishable product. I hope that every fruit grower, every director in any marketing concern and all of the salesmanagers and salesmen of the Northwest will read the July and August editions of Better Fruit, as well as the others that will follow, be- lieving they can get some valuable in- formation and statistics, which if taken advantage of will be very helpful in spreading out the crop of the North- west and selling a greater number of towns that have not been sold, in this way maintaining a much higher level of prices. I believe it is the duty of every- one connected with the fruit industry to make the fullest effort possible to market the crop in the most effective way, so as to get sufficiently satisfac- tory remunerative prices for growing apples, because fruit growers must receive better prices for their apples than they have been receiving the last few years to pay them a satisfactory profit for their labor and on the capital invested. In fact we need better prices than we have been getting in order to make a decent living. Every state where apples are not grown extensively should be combed thoroughly by a well organized sales force. There is no rea- son why apple shippers and selling con- cerns should not have just as thorough a distribution as manufacturers or job- bers of any other line of business. If a sufficient number of salesmen are put on the job to cover the territory where business can be secured in a thorough manner and a business-like way, the crop will be widely distributed, no mar- Continued on page 17 ,\*s< 5^ Powerful as Five Horses Costs Less than Four Horses Here is the kind of a tractor you've been looking for — one that not only plows, but does ALL farm work that horses can do, besides supplying power for belt work. Not a big, heavy, cumbersome tractor, that plows while your horses loaf and eat, then leaves the rest of the work for your horses to finish; but a tractor that does EVERY job a horse can do — does it better — faster — easier and cheaper. It costs less than four horses, yet plows 4 to 12 acres a day; pulls a two prow gang» harrows, discs, plants and CULTIVATES corn or other hill and row crops — 16 to 20 acres a day. Is as easy to drive as a team— a REAL ONE-MAN TRACTOR. ORIGINAL M0LINE TRACTOR UNIVIRSAI fiiiiifi Note the big advantage of its two-wheel construction— ALL ITS WEIGHT IS TRACTION WEIGHT. ALL its weight goes into the PULL. That's why we can build it lighter; why we eliminate almost a ton of excess dead weight necessary on tractors of the three and four-wheel types. Notice how you operate both tractor and imple- ment from the implement seat. All your work is plainly in view. No craning or straining of your neck looking back to watch the farm tools— no extra man needed. Easy to back up with tool attached; easy to make quick and short turns; to work close to fences; to do all work as well and as easy as with a team. Write for our free catalog-folder today. MOLINE PLOW COMPANY * Dept. 64 Moline, III. «"»"*» *-. -* ■ mti^md ll- b?** Cutting Corn^M OREGON'S GREATEST EXPOSITION The Fifty-Sixth Annual Oregon State Fair Salem, September 24-29 More Agricultural, Horticultural, Industrial and Live Stock Exhibits than ever before and of better quality. More High Class Amusements and Entertainments. A Superb Racing Card and the Best of Accommodations for Both Exhibitors and Visitors. EXCURSION RATES ON ALL RAILROADS For Particulars write A. H. LEA, Secretary, Salem, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 14 BETTER FRUIT September BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON Official Organ of The Northwest Fruit Growers' Association A Monthly Illustrated Magazine Published in the Interest of Modern Fruit Growing and Marketing All Communications Should Be Addressed and Remittances Made Payable to Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEPARD. Editor and Publisher STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS OREGON C. I. Lewis, Horticulturist Corvallls WASHINGTON Dr. A. L. Melander, Entomologist Pullman O. M. Morris. Horticulturist Pullman W. S. Thomber, Horticulturist Pullman COLORADO C. P. Gillette. Director and Entomologist Fort Collins E. B. House, Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering, State Agricultural College Fort Collins ARIZONA E. P. Taylor. Horticulturist Tucson WISCONSIN Dr. E. D. Ball. Director and Entomologist Madison MONTANA O. B. Whipple. Horticulturist Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W. Woodworth. Entomologist Berkeley W. H. Volck. Entomologist Watsonville Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist Riverside INDIANA H. S. Jackson, Pathologist Lafayette BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Wlnslow, Provincial Horticulturist Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: In the United States. $1.00 per year in advance Canada and foreign, including postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27, 1906, at the Poatofflce at Hood River, Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. More Cars for Apples. — The orange crop of Southern California, on account of drouth, has suffered very severely, and orange growers are entitled to the sympathy of the fruit growers through- out the country. It is stated the orange crop will be about 50 per cent of a normal crop. The average crop of oranges is 50,000 cars per year, conse- quently there will be 25,000 cars less of oranges to be shipped this year than ordinarily. As the total crop of apples of the Northwest will not exceed 20,000 cars there is every reason why urgent steps should be taken to have these fruit-express cars placed, as far as nec- essary, at the service of the Northwest- ern apple growers. Mr. J. Curtis Robin- son, chairman of the Transportation and Storage Committee of the Fruit Growers' Agency, has taken this matter very ably in hand and is conferring with the committee on car service of the National Board of Defense, the Agricultural Department of Transporta- tion Service, and through Senator Wes- ley L. Jones the matter will be called to the attention of the president and secre- tary of agriculture. a great many farmers and fruit grow- ers cannot resist the temptation and are even selling their brood sows; the con- sequence will be the supply of hogs in the Northwest will go down, so it seems wise not only to suggest but to advise every farmer and fruit grower in the Northwest, who can possibly take care of a few hogs, to get a few brood sows and go into the business, so far as he can without interfering with other farming and orchard work. This can easily be done by fruit growers, as a great many fruit growers sow alfalfa in the. orchard for cover crops, for the reason cover crops are found very beneficial in producing the necessary supply of humus and nitrogen at prac- tically no cost. Alfalfa makes excellent feed for hogs. Through the campaign and propaganda put up by the O.-W. R. R. & N. Co. a great deal of corn has been produced in the Northwest. It has been ascertained that corn can be grown successfully in many sections of the Northwest, consequently this sug- gestion in connection with hogs comes in appropriate for the reason that corn can be grown successfully, and corn is one of the best feeds in the world for hogs. Hogs. — Three or four years ago the editor of Better Fruit ascertained, through information compiled by the Union Meat Company, that immense quantities of hogs were being shipped from Kansas. Prices of hogs locally, so long as this condition continued, was the price of hogs in Kansas, plus freight to the Northwest. The Union Meat Company carried on a propaganda edu- cational campaign for the purpose of stimulating the raising of hogs in the Northwest with splendid results. The increased quantity of hogs has created an extra income for the farmer and fruit grower. The regrettable part of the hog situation at the present time is that, on account of the extremely high prices of hogs (20 cents last quotation), The Washington State Fair will be held September 17 to 22 at North Yakima, the center of fruit growing in the State of Washington. The ship- ments from this valley amount to many thousands of cars a year, making the horticultural department of the Wash- ington Fair a most prominent feature. The exhibits of fruit are always ex- tensive and at the same time magnifi- cent. Fruit growers attend the Wash- ington State Fair in large numbers, affording every fruit grower an oppor- tunity by personal contact with other fruit growers to learn many new meth- ods and improved ways of producing and handling his crop. Yakima people are very hospitable and the fair is made a great annual event, assuring everybody in attendance a splendid time. Farm Implements. — Farm implements, which naturally includes orchard im- plements as well, to a greater or less extent, have been estimated to increase the farmer's productive ability eighty times. This is a surprising statement and one that very few have any concep- tion of without having given the matter thought and study. A shortage of im- plements among the farmers or fruit growers naturally will affect the food shortage, and as the farming industry of the country is the basic structure of the life of the United States, everything should be done in the government propaganda being carried on to see that implement manufacturers can turn out sufficient implements for operating the farms. It would seem that the imple- ment manufacturers are entitled to priority, because no matter how much ammunition we have if we do not feed the army and the nation we cannot suc- ceed in ending successfully at an early dale the immense war that the United States is engaged in at the present time. BEST SERVICE- QUALITY a PRICES PERFECTION IN FRUIT vLABELS/ Simp 24 NORTHWESTERN BANK Bl PORTLAND, OREGON. E.Shelley Morgan NORTH WESTERN WANA G E R WE CARRY -AND CAN SHIP »N 24 HOURS-STOCK LABELS FOR PEARS, APPLES,CHERRIES & STRAWBERRIES. Distribution of Apples. — This issue contains an article by the editor on the "Distribution and Sale of the Apple Crop," with some statistics, showing all of the small towns in the United States under 3,000 population that have been sold direct in carloads. The surprising part of this investigation is that many towns under 1,000, some as low as 400 and even as low as 200, have been sold apples in carload lots. When you take into consideration that there are over 30,000 small towns in the United States, of which only about 300 have been sold, it seems reasonable to assume that if the Northwestern selling concerns would put salesmen in the states where the opportunity is best, covering the country thoroughly, that a great many more towns could be sold direct. By increasing distribution and increasing consumption a higher level of prices will be maintained. The editor, how- ever, wishes to state distinctly in con- nection with the articles that have ap- peared in Better Fruit and the edi- torials that it is a fact well known by apple shippers and the editor himself, that there are many small towns near jobbing centers which are supplied reg- ularly and probably more satisfactorily in small lots than they could be sup- plied in carloads. But the editor wishes to impress upon the apple growers of the Northwest and those interested in the industry that wherever small towns are not properly supplied by the job- bing trade or are too remote to be sup- plied to the best advantage where a carlot can be sold direct that it is the advisable policy. 19 1 7 BETTER FRUIT Page 15 Government Statistics of the North- western Crop. — The following table gives the government estimate of Au- gust 1st of the total crop in bushels and the estimate of the commercial crop. By that is meant the crop that is packed and shipped in barrels or boxes. Con- verted into carloads, standard, 600 boxes to a car, gives Montana 695 cars, Colorado 3,350 cars, New Mexico 645 cars, Utah 705 cars, Idaho 1,190 cars, Washington 9,925 cars, Oregon 1,940 cars, California 5,980 cars, making a total estimate of the above box-apple states of 24,430 cars: INDICATED YIELD— GOVERNMENT REPORTS Thousands (000) omitted. August 1, 1917 Corn- Total mercial Bushels Barrels Montana 925 Colorado 4,013 New Mexico . . 648 Arizona 129 Utah 846 Nevada 216 Idaho 2,025 Washington . . 8,505 Oregon 3,329 California . . . 5,515 139 670 129 16 141 2 238 1,985 388 1,196 Final 1916 Coin- Total mercial Bushels Barrels 768 2,205 357 138 99 48 441 9,675 3,855 5,754 102 367 59 17 3 15 1,935 514 1,247 Total 26,151 4,904 23,340 4,259 This is somewhat at variance with the estimates of those who have investi- gated and are fairly well posted. Wash- ington is credited, on July 1st, with 16,955 cars, Oregon 2,500 cars, Idaho 2,000 cars, Montana 500 cars, making an estimate for the four Northwestern States — Washington, Idaho, Oregon and Montana — of 21,955 cars. A more con- servative estimate is given in the Au- gust edition of Better Fruit, and con- ditions have not changed much in that time, staling the Northwest would prob- ably have somewhere in the neighbor- hood of 18,000 cars. However, it must be admitted that many things may happen, from pests or disease, to reduce this quantity of first-class commercial shipping apples between now and har- vest time. The International Apple Shippers' Association met in New York City August 15-16-17. A few Northwestern managers present showed much inter- est in the proceedings and the good work accomplished. One of the im- portant matters before the convention is an educational campaign by the mem- bers of the International Apple Ship- pers' Association to increase the popu- larity and consumption of apples. Plans for the campaign were worked out quite thoroughly at the convention, which will co-operate with Mr. Herbert Hoover, the government food adminis- trator, and good results, a greater con- sumption of apples and a better demand is hoped for and expected. The Oregon State Fair will be held at Salem, September 24 to 29, inclusive. Horticulture is one of the main indus- tries of the state, consequently fruit growers should endeavor to make this department a success to the fullest pos- sible extent with exhibits — the best they can show in fresh fruits, also canned and evaporated. Fruit growers should attend this fair for its educa- tional value; to meet with the neigh- The Method of a Day *s Better Work in Picking Fruit — Equip Your Orchard with SECURITY LADDERS Rigid — Safe — Secure -every minute saved means Time waste eliminated- a saving of money. 2,000 Security Ladders in profitable use now in Wenatchee District orchards. I will soon be in your locality to give practical dem- onstartion of "Security Ladders" at work. Your name and address will bring me to your ranch. Until October 1 Address J. B. PATTERSON, Mfgr. HOOD RIVER, OREGON After October 1st, address me at factory 82 Franklin Street, Oakland, California FREE Autographed Pillow Tops of Motion Picture Stars Mary Pickford, Alice Joyce, Anita Stewart, Pearl White, Francis Bushman, or Jack Kerrigan. On old gold sateen 18x18 inches, produced by special process; washes without fading:; your choice sent free if you will send this advertisement and the names and correct addresses of all parents in your locality or else- where whom you know have children afflicted with club feet, infantile paralysis or curvature of the spine. Write names plainly, be sure to give street or rural route number and to state age and character of trouble. Supply of pillow tops limited. THE L. C McLAIN ORTHOPEDIC SANITARIUM, 829 Aubert Ave., St. Louis, Mo- NEW CROP — Vetches, Alfalfa, Clovers, Grains, Grasses Selected Recleaned Farm and Field Seed at Lowest Market Prices. Special Mixtures for Wet Land — Dry Land — Burns — Permanent Hay Crops and Pastures Cover Crops for Orchards-Dry Land Pasture Mixtures OUR SEED LABORATORYis in charge of a skilled analyst and all "DIAMOND QUALITY" Seeds are TESTED for PURITY and GERM INATION WRITE TODAY FOR SAMPLES puriW^eTcht Or send in your order direct. We guarantee full value for the money sent and will give your inquiries our prompt and careful attention Ask for Catalog No. Western Agents "CLIPPER" FANNING MILLS WHEN WRITINC ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 16 BETTER FRUIT The "Wells & Wade" Box Lidding Machine Here is a machine that is a "World Beater." Two of them pressed and lidded in one central packing house last year 123,000 Boxes Apples Without One Cent Outlay for Repairs and at the end of the season could have been repainted and sold for new. The machine has been improved this year to automatically receive boxes from conveyor (if used). The record these Lidding machines made last year is not equalled by any other lidding press made. It's the Quickest, Most Complete and Longest Lived Box Press Made and The Price is Only $25.00 where bank draft is mailed with the order. WELLS & WADE Wenatchee Avenue, near Courthouse WENATCHEE, WASHINGTON September manufacturers are endeavoring to assist the farmer who has land to clear with instructive booklets and circulars, which are very helpful. These can be obtained free upon request. bors and discuss their problems, and to learn what the other fellow is doing and how he does it. Nearly every man- ufacturer of equipment for the fruit grower and farmer doing business in this state will have an exhibit of ma- chinery that will be well worth seeing. Fruit growers and farmers, in order to get the fullest amount possible out of their crop, must be able to grow it and harvest it at a minimum expense. The Oregon State Fair provides camping ground and facilities for those who de- sire to camp out, which enables one to make a visit to the Oregon State Fair at very small expense. Clearing Land. — There is a critical shortage of all food supplies, largely due to the war, which will continue Walnuts. — The increase in price on all food commodities is undoubtedly due to the increased demand and the supply being somewhat short. The in- creased demand is probably due to the fact that so many people ordinarily engaged in producing foodstuffs are either at the front or making ammuni- tion. Inasmuch as it will be some time after the war is over, — and no one knows when that will be, — before the warring nations get back to productive- ness, every fruit grower and farmer should give special attention to increas- ing his crops in producing as much food as possible, particularly of non-perish- able nature. Nuts are considered very nutritious and at the same time an ex- cellent food, consequently it seems the following suggestion is well worthy of consideration. Every fruit grower and farmer should plant a few walnut trees to help create food for the family, and whatever surplus a farmer can produce he can sell to excellent advantage, as walnuts have been remunerative for several years in the past. The Monthly Crop Report of August 1st evidently believes that apples have increased in value, as indicated by the estimates under "Important Products" of July 15th, giving the following fig- ures: Apples, per bushel, estimated value July 15, 1916, 86%c; July, 1917, $1.25; apples, per barrel, 1916, $2.60; 1917, $3.14. Orchard Queen Cider Mill even after the war, as undoubtedly it will take the European countries sev- eral years to get back to their natural producing capacity. Consequently the government is urging increased pro- ductivity in every way possible. It is doubtful if the present amount of land under cultivation can be increased suffi- ciently in yield, so it seems advisable to suggest to every fruit grower and farmer that if he has any uncleared land that it would be a paying propo- sition to clear it this winter so as to get it producing at the earliest possible moment. There is no question but what it will pay well. Blasting powder is used extensively for this purpose. There are many different blasting pow- ders, some being especially adapted to clearing land. The blasting powder Grinds Does Not Crush MAKE CIDER This New Way Gets Every Bit of Juice by Clean, Sanitary Methods Orchard Queen grates or grinds apples into fine pomace— breaks fruit cells open— allows all the juice to be easily extracted in pressing- insures greatest quantity and highest quality ot cider, as juice is extracted in sanitary cloth-lined forms. (In ordinary crushing mills only half the juice is extracted and in a mussy, dirty condi- tion.) Operates easily by hand or power. Write today for information of this marvelously em- cient mill and how it turns your usual orchard losses into unusual profits. Puffer-Hubbard Mfg. Co. 3222 26th St., East MINNEAPOLIS. MINN WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipiy BETTER FRUIT Page 17 The Orchard Ladder of Quality must bear the name "Northwest." Thousands are sold on their merits. Ask your dealer to let you „„„ »..- T Q/~l/-4f»r If your dealer does not carry our ladder in stock, oCC UU1 1_/<1VJ UC1 • write us direct for prices. No crushed fruit if you use the Barnett Fruit Picking Pail. PRICE $2.00 Information on our Orchard Supplies will be gladly given on request. N. W. Fence & Supply Co. Station A Portland, Oregon Not Overproduction, Etc. Continued from page 13 kets will be glutted, and from that time on there will be no more talk about overproduction or low prices. There are many towns properly taken care of by the jobbers in their territory which are regularly supplied. It is much bet- ter where a town cannot buy by the carload and sell it out in a reasonably short time for such towns to purchase from the jobbers in the nearest whole- sale territory as required, keeping fresh stock on hand. NUMBER OF TOWNS IN EACH STATE, HAV- ING A POPULATION OF LESS THAN 3,000, THAT HAVE BEEN SOLD APPLES IN CARLOTS DIRECT Kansas Pop. Ness City 950 Montana Pop. Malta 800 Miles City Norris 250 Pony 437 Rosebud Stanford 450 Sweetwater Townsend 800 White Fish 2,000 Wolfcreek Missouri Hall 700 North Dakota Alexander Antler 700 Anamoose 750 Arnegard Arthur 225 Beach 1,450 Berthold 700 Bowbells ....... 875 Carrington 1,500 Charbonneau . . . Crosby 850 Drake 550 Finley 700 California Pop. Dunsmuir 1,719 Montague 600 Weed Colorado Haxtum 520 La Mar 2,200 Brush 1,500 Fort Morgan .... Iowa Cumberland .... 552 Dike 280 Malvern 1,154 Strawberry P'nt. 1,052 Wolcott 416 Idaho American Falls.. 1,250 Arimo Arco 500 Blackfoot 3,000 Buhl 1,000 Emmett 1,400 Genesee 1,200 Gooding 1,000 Hazelton Minidoka 150 Middleton McCammon 500 Montpelier 2,500 Malad 1,200 Payette 1,948 Purcell : Parma 750 Picabo Rupert 1,000 Rexburg 1,600 St. Anthony 2,000 Smiths Ferry . . . Shoshone 1,500 Weiser 3,500 Wendell 850 Kansas Almena 800 Arlington 650 .Mtamont 610 Anthony 2,450 Brownwell 300 Clinton 700 Condon Eureka 2,412 Ellsworth Wainfield 350 Gorham 175 Herndon 350 Hoisington 1,414 Hoxie 430 Jamestown 900 Kingsley 1,700 Lurav 350 Marion 1,802 Morganville .... 500 Morgan 700 700 400 675 585 North Dakota Pop. Hamlet Hampden 425 Keane Leeds 1,025 Lignite 350 Lisbon 2,000 Medina 500 Noonan 600 Plaza 900 Portal Powers Lake . . . 550 Rock Lake Rugbv 2,000 Stanley 700 Tioga 625 Towner 1,125 White Earth 350 Wildrice 100 Wolford 400 New Rockford. . .1,800 Bowman Braddock 400 Chamberlain . . . Cando 1,500 Edison Flasher 450 North Dakota Pop. Ft. Clark Goodrich 750 Highmore Hazelton Hallinger Hebron 800 Kildeer Kenmore 2,000 Langdon 1,400 Lakota 1,250 Leith New Salem 1,025 Newberg 375 Oakes 1,875 Paishall Ragan St. Thomas 650 Sterling 200 Starkweather . . . 475 Sheldon 500 Turtle Lake 800 Werner Wahpeton 2,425 West Hope 1,100 York 475 Minnesota Pop. Breckenridge ...2,000 Dilworth 800 Glenwood 2,300 Graceville 1,100 Henning 1,000 North Redwood . Redwood Falls.. 1,806 Wadena Avon Black Duck 1,424 Brewster 300 Cass Lake 1,300 Dalton Detroit 2,500 Eagle Bend 600 Horton Lake Park 1,000 Minnesota Transfer Morris 2,003 Red Lake Falls.. 1,797 Twin Valley 750 Raymond 450 Wheaton 1,500 Pennsylvania Biglerville 350 De Bois Oakley 750 Olpe Osborne 1606 Phillipsburg ...1,285 Protection 800 Scott City 900 Sterling 2,013 Wakefield 725 Long Island 200 McDonald Norton 1, Norfolk Simpson . . . St. Francis . Traer Vulcan Whitewater Woodruff Louisiana De Redder 2,000 Maine Ft. Fairfield 1,620 Montana Bainville 425 Baker 400 Big Sandy 178 Bonner Brvan Buffalo Cascade 600 Conrad 1,200 Cutbank 500 Fairview 200 Gilford Glendive 1,725 Glasgow 1,275 Hinsdale Homestead Medicine Lake . . 350 Plentvwood 1,200 Poplar 230 Sidnev 600 Westbv Whitehall 450 Winifred Wold Point Bradv 150 Bridger 650 Belgrade 875 Rowman Browning 225 Chinook 1,211(1 Coffee Creek .... Deer Lodge 1,650 Dillon 1,885 Drummond Forsythe 1,100 Franklin Geraldine Laurel 1,100 ERNEST M. MERRICK ■WHOLESALE Fruit and Vegetable Commission Merchant Apples and Oranges A SPECIALTY 937-939 B St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Iplusl High - grade grease plus t i powdered mica makes { Mica Axle Grease gOj L twice as far as ordi- \ nary grease, and re- sults in far better ^ lubrication. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (California) AXLE GREASE WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRCI" Page 18 BETTER FRUIT September J. & H.GOODWIN, LTD. Apple Exporters and Commission Merchants Offices: London, Liverpool, Manchester and Hull, England New York, Boston; also Maine, Virginia and California Address Correspondence: 60 State St., Boston, Mass. The Hardie Nail Stripper Made of heavily coated tin, this stripper is built for hard con- tinuous service. Its use means a cutting of packing house costs. It is but one of many practical orchard and packing house devices described in our free circular. Send for it. The Hardie Mfg.Co. 49 North Front Street Portland, Oregon Steel Box Strapping Used in connection with metal seals consists of encircling a package with a metal strap, draw- ing the strap very tight and interlocking the overlapping strap - ends within a metal sleeve (SIGNODE) in such a manner that the jointhas agreater tensilestrength than the strap itself. Nails, rivets and buck- les, with their attendant objections, are entirely eliminated. Write for Catalog Acme Strapping packed in bbls. of about 500 lbs. or larger pkgs. Metal Seals packed in cartons containing 2.000-2,500 seals. ACME STEEL GOODS CO. MFRS. Factory: 2840 Archer Ave., Chicago 311 California St., San Francisco Nebraska Pop. Danbury 550 Gothenberg 1,700 Giltner 550 Gering 800 Moorcfleld' '.'.'.'.'.'. 300 Kiverton 450 ScottsblufT 1,746 Upland 650 Watertown Oregon Enterprise 1,242 Bend 2,500 Klamath Falls . .2,325 North Bend 1,650 Niagara Oklahoma Clinton 2,781 Ojima Purcell 2,552 Woodward 2,018 Camonche 1,410 Herrington South Dakota Browning Gettysburg 1,100 Kodoka 350 Claremont 375 Corona 350 Eureka 1,000 Groton 1,275 Gregory 1,216 Hill City 250 Java Lemmon 1,255 Mott Parker 1,450 South Dakota Pop. Turton 350 Timber Lake 300 Vermillion 2,147 Webster 1,775 White Lake 950 Wolsey 700 Texas Llano 1,600 Bowie 2,500 Cisco 2,410 Comanche 2,070 Lockdale Lockhart 2,945 Mexia 2,393 Plainview 3,000 Rockdale 2,515 San Augustine. . .1,250 Dalhart Waurika Washington Sumner 892 Krupp 250 Wisconsin Naron 1,074 Boscobel 1,900 Osceolo 925 Broadhead 1,875 Wyoming Gillette 448 Hanna 1,500 Pine Bluffs 246 Upton 244 Basin 763 Cody 1,132 Douglas 2,246 Guernsey 274 Thermopolis ...1,524 23-Year Engine Record Witte's new catalog, the finest by the way, in the whole engine business of America, shows his complete up-to-date line of styles and sizes, from 2 to 22 horsepower — stationary, skidded, port- able and special saw-rigs, and quotes WITTE Engine used for more than 23 years by McBeth & Dallas, Garden City, Kan. his present remarkably low prices. All sold under a binding five-year guaran- tee, and subject to full 90 days' free trial. To get a new catalog and full in- formation, with latest prices, write Ed H. Witte, YVitte Engine Works, 1880 Oakland Ave., Kansas City, Mo.— Adv. Boiling Points Real Test of Gasoline, Says Expert "To start easily, accelerate quickly and smoothly, and have plenty of de- pendable power with economical mile- age, vou must use a gasoline having its boiling points in a continuous, un- broken, gradually rising series," is a statement made recently by a promi- nent Standard Oil man'. "Boiling points are what determine good gasoline, not gravity. And it is well to bear in mind that mixtures or blends cannot have the proper contin- uous chain of boiling points. There are so many connecting fractions in the chain that no mixture could be made to contain even approximately the correct number or character of links. Straight- distilled refinery gasoline is the only motor-fuel containing the correct chain of boiling points." — Adv. (HE» WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipl? BETTER FRUIT Page ip THE STATE AND NATION UNITE IN SUPPORT OF THE Oregon Agricultural College CORVALLIS, OREGON Where trained specialists with modern laboratories and adequate equipment give instruction leading to collegiate degrees in the following schools: AGRICULTURE, with fifteen departments. COMMERCE, with four departments. ENGINEERING, with six departments, including Civil, Electrical, Highway, Industrial Arts, Irrigation and Mechani- cal Engineering. FORESTRY, including Logging Engineering. HOME ECONOMICS, with four major departments, in- cluding training in the Practice House. MINING, with three departments, including Chemical Engineering. PHARMACY. INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION a specialty. VOCATIONAL COURSES offered in all Schools. THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC offers instruction in the prin- cipal departments of vocal and instrumental music. THE MILITARY DEPARTMENT, established in 1872, en- rolled 1085 cadets in 1916-17, and won recommendation for O. A. C. from the Western Department of the U. S. War Department as one of the fifteen "distinguished institutions" of higher learning in the country. All cadets will be furnished complete uniforms by the U. S. Government, and the junior and senior cadets, enrolled in the R. O. T. C., will be given commutation for subsistence, as well as all transportation and subsistence at the six weeks' Summer Camp. Registration Begins October 8, 1917 INFORMATION ON REQUEST. ADDRESS REGISTRAR, OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, CORVALLIS, OREGON Pollination by Bees By A. Bowman THE necessity of bees in orchards as an aid to pollination has passed the experimental stage, and this phase of the question permits of no argument. It is interesting to know that in the large apple-growing districts what seems to be fabulous prices are paid to beekeepers for the use of bees for pol- lination purposes alone. In many in- stances five dollars per colony is willingly paid by orchardists, and this just for the use of the flying bees in the critical season of blossoming; and to such an extent is this practiced that frequently the demand exceeds the sup- ply. If the apple growers of New Jersey and other sections can afford to pay a price that is nearly equivalent to the price of the colony alone, and which is virtually a temporary pur- chase, we in our districts may be over- looking some of the kinks that might be helpful to us locally in securing better pollination and a crop of bet- ter fruit. Experiments of late years seem to in- dicate that the prune and cherry drop so prevalent some seasons may be largely due to insufficient or weak pol- lination, and more frequently blamed to bad weather conditions prevailing at the critical time when the blossom is receptive. This may be more or less true; but with bees on hand, even a few hours without rainfall permit their rapid flight, and the receptive blossoms awaiting the visitation of insect life are thoroughly pollinated and fertilized by the visitors, who in their turn are more or less recompensed for their labor with the small amount of honey gathered; and unless weather conditions are very unfavorable a single bee will visit hun- dreds of blossoms before she gets enough of a load with which to start homeward bound. Our conditions in the Northwest are somewhat different from those in the Eastern sections. Bees are not as numerous and the distances between apiaries are much greater. This being the case, thousands of trees are never visited by the blessed bees by whose agency man would be greatly benefited if these visitations could be assured. The past season being backward and ECONOMIC and MILITARY PR EPA REDNESS THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON In addition to complete courses in general and scientific education, offers full opportunities in MILITARY DRILL, DOMESTIC SCIENCE ARTS AND COMMERCE Plan for effective future service. Your country needs it. Send for free illustrated book lets ."Train the Brain for Peace or War" and "The Woman and the University." Address Registrar, UNIVERSITY OF OREGON, Eugene, Oregon We Carry a Full Line of Nursery Stock Capital City Nursery Company AGENTS WANTED Address 1030 Chemeketa St., SALEM, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 20 BETTER FRUIT September BEFORE using Cement Coated Nails cold found the average orchardist totally unprepared to take advantage of bee insurance; and the same backward season kept the bees from breeding as rapidly as they otherwise would, it was impossible to secure big, strong, rousing colonies, and hundreds of dollars were returned to the would-be purchasers who, as usual, sent in their orders just as the blossoms were due to appear, without foresight as to conditions, and of course demanded immediate ship- ment. It is to the orchardist and for his benefit these lines are written. Really, not only disappointment but serious losses are his unless he plans in ad- vance and carries out his plans as a practical orchardist should. In the first place, while it is possible to ship or WITH ALL THE NATION FARMING and ARMING FOR STRESSFUL TIMES CITY AND COUNTRY ALIKE ARE URGED TO RALLY AROUND THE AGRICULTURAL FAIRS -SEND EXHIBITS— ATTEND WHERE POSSIBLE. Oregon State Fair SALEM September 24 to 29 Round Trip Fares to Salem From Central Oregon and from North Bank Road Points from Fallbridge to Rainier, inclusive, daily September 20 to 29. Oregon Trunk Ry. Central Oregon Line PORTLAND Western Cement Coated Nails for Western Growers Our Cement Coated Nails are always of uniform length, gauge, head and count. Especially adapted to the manufacture of fruit boxes and crates. In brief, they are the Best on the Market. Write for Growers' testimonials. Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. DENVER, COLORADO Pacific Coast Sales Offices Portland, Spokane, San Francisco Los Angeles AFTER use of C. F. & I. Co.'i Cement Coated Nails transport bees at any and all seasons of the year it is neither best nor practi- cal to do so. Better by far to get the bees now, or this fall, and have them ready for business on the spot before next season's blossoming time. Winter losses need not be severe if they are properly cared for; and the investment is so trifling compared to benefits assured that to beekeepers it seems in- comprehensible that of all those who undoubtedly would be greatly bene- fited by the investment of a few dollars, still annuallly postpone or procrasti- nate until too late for prompt service. We would suggest a community co- partnership affair that all might be assessed and all reap benefits. No stock other than bees will keep themselves and store a surplus for their owner, who merely furnishes them a house. No sweets are as healthy or whole- some as honey, the very source of which must appeal to all interested in flowers, and to be able to eat in quanti- ties the very juice or extract of flowers is something to be devoutly wished for. Then consider the greatly increased crops of fancy fruit, all to be gained by getting and keeping a few colonies of bees. And to all orchardists we urge, get bees, and keep bees, and they will help keep you. Michigan: Good crop expected. Bald- wins, however, are light. Pears re- ported good, peaches light. Virginia: Crop estimated about the same as last year; however, about one- half normal. York and Ben Davis about 30 per cent of last year. Crop of the state estimated about 5,000 cars, com- pared with 10,545 last year. West Virginia: Fifty-five to sixty- five per cent of an apple crop is antici- pated; peach crop excellent. Late in July it was estimated West Virginia would ship 3,500 cars of peaches. Indiana: Apple crop anticipated 55 to 65 per cent of normal crop. Iowa: Apple crop promises to show about 20 per cent increase over last year. Fruit Crop Conditions of U. S. New England: The apple crop is re- ported comparatively light this year. New York: This is an off year for Baldwins, consequently the crop is very light. However, it is rather surprising, as this is the heavy year for Greenings, to find that the crop of Greenings is also lighter than normal. Western New York, a heavy producing section, is light, but the Hudson River Valley is pretty fair. New Jersey: Apple crop lighter than last year; peaches show an increase over last year and over normal. The New Jersey apple crop is mostly early varieties. Pennsylvania: No detailed report, but a possible increase over last year. Ohio: The crop is estimated at nor- mal, about 2,500 cars, compared with 2,100 last year. The peaches are un- satisfactory on account of unfavorable weather. Crop less than last year. As it is- TRUE -that— Caro Fibre FRUIT WRAPPERS Prolong the Life -OF- Apples You who Grow Apples with great Expense should Dress them Warm and Attractively. Use Your Brains to Wrap Your Fruit. Give Your Apples a Fair Show. Get the Top Price. The Apple Buyer knows Caro Fibre — Wouldn't You Pay a little more for a box of apples if you knew that it Would Keep Longer. If Your Shipper Doesn't Use Caro Fibre Fruit Wrappers he is not giving your fruit a Fair Show Union Waxed & Parchment Paper Co. MANUFACTURERS F. B. DALLAM, Pacific Coast Representative 417 Market Street San Francisco, California WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipir BETTER FRUIT Page 21 Let 'er Buck WE'LL MEET YOU AT THE ROUND-UP Cowgirls,cowboys,Indians,bronchos,ponies, "wild horses and wild cattle and wild men— all will be there— to play and to thrill with their feats of skill and daring. You who know the Round'iip we expect to see ; you who do not have our most cordial invitation. Remember where and when PENDLETON SEPT. 20-21-22 LOW ROUND'TRIP FARES SbSb VIA THE OWRR&N UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM WM. McMURRAY General Passenger Agent PORTLAND Missouri: Indications in July that the crop in the Ozarks would be heavy. Peach crop anticipated about 50 per cent of normal. Arkansas: Early reports indicate in- crease over last year. Colorado: In July Palisade, Clifton, Fruita, Grand Junction estimated 2,800 cars of apples, GOO cars pears, 900 cars Elberta peaches, being an increase in pears and peaches. Apples show an in- crease, estimated at about 1,000 cars over last year. Jonathan shipments ex- pected about September 15. Delta County expects about 800 cars of peaches, 1,500 cars of apples; Montrose County 500 cars of apples. These esti- mates on apples amount to 4,300 cars, which is above what is generally con- ceded to the state, which is conserva- tively placed at 3,500 cars. Utah: Probably a normal yield; last year almost an entire failure. Idaho: Various estimates at from 1,500 to 2,500 cars of apples, against almost an entire failure last year. California: Estimated around 5,000 cars; Pajaro Valley will ship possibly 4,000 cars or better. Texas: 450 cars apples, 300 cars of pears, 1,500 cars peaches, being a nor- mal yield for apples and pears, but only about 25 per cent of a peach crop. Peaches are light on account of late frosts. Montana: Probably about 500 cars of apples, principally in the Bitter Root Valley. Oregon: Hood River 1,200 to 1,500 cars of apples; the balance of the state about 1,000 cars, possibly more. Washington: Apple conditions vary a little from early reports. Conserva- tive estimate for Yakima district, 7,000 cars, possibly more; Wenatchee esti- mated about 8,000 cars, possibly more; Walla Walla about 500 cars; other dis- tricts 300, making a total of 15,800 cars for the state. July estimates for Yaki- ma were: 971 cars pears, 1,595 cars peaches, 187 cars plums; Walla 238 cars pears, 205 cars peaches, 305 cars plums. The apple crop of the Pacific North- west sizes up about as follows: Wash- ington, 15,800 cars; Oregon, 2,500 cars; Idaho, 1,500 cars; Montana, 500 cars; making a total of 20,300 cars. Of course it must be borne in mind these figures are only approximate estimates. Early estimates are frequently high, because when the final packing is done the cull- ing is frequently more extensive than anticipated. A safe estimate at present would be from 18,000 to 20,000 cars of apples. Economy in Land Clearing This is no time to use many men in land-clearing operations. Men are needed too badly in other important work for which there is no substitute for hand work, while the prevailing high rate of wages makes burning of stumps prohibitive even in spite of the high returns from crops. It is lucky that every farmer with idle land can turn so easily to the blasting method of taking out his stumps, for the liberal use of powder will enable him to ac- complish with little labor what would be almost out of the question by any other means. Bui there is blasting and blasting, and it is important that the right ex- plosives be secured, or even this method may be more expensive than it should. All powders on the market (there are dozens of different kinds and grades) have certain uses for which they are particularly suited by their nature. Each one has been designed for break- ing up some certain material in a cer- Page 22 BETTER FRUIT September WE OLD FELLOWS! lAPPRECIATE WHAT IT IS) | TO GET THE ORIGINA L [ GRAVELY f IT5 TOO BAD PEYTON GRAVELY COULDN'T HAVE] LIVED TO SEE THAT P OUCH] USED FOR HIS PLUG L CRAVELY« CELEBRATED Chewing Plu£ S3. BEFORETHE INVENTION OF OUR PATENT AIR-PROOF POUCH GRAVELY PLUG TOBACCO MADE STRICTLY FOR ITS CHEWING QUALITY WOULD NOT KEEP FRESH IN THIS SECTION- NOW THE PATENT POUCH KEEPS IT FRESH AND CLEAN AND GOOD. A LITTLE CHEW OF GRAVELY IS ENOUGH AND LASTS LONGER THAN A BIG CHEW OF ORDINARY PLUG. J»J3. bravely 3b&accc Co. DawllcVa. "i81fl Mm ff?THERES"AN EYE FULL OF ' NEWS ON BILLY POSTERS BILLBOARDS THIS MORNING-, THAT5 A CINCHjj ■// u77J^i'iai«iHHmwf .ii.iiuil/{i»»»""<""J "^W^ tain way. On the selection of the pow- der for the use in view hinges a large part of the problem of economy in land clearing this year. Farmers who will have this work to do should make it a point to inform themselves on the subject. They should do it without delay, for the market is very uncertain, and unless the war is to stop very soon, the supply of any particular grade or type may be cut off from civilian users. More than that, the price is advancing each month or APPLES GINOCCHIO-JONES FRUIT CO. Kansas City, Mo. Apples, Pears Prunes, Fruits 32 Years Our Record PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 6 & 7, 122 l i Grand Are., Portland, Oregon Wholesalers of Nursery Stock and Nursery Suppllos A very complete line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Etc. SPECIALTIES Clean Coast Grown Seedlings Oregon Champion Gooseberries and Writs Now Perfection Currants Write Now P $50.00 o e a? WITH THE Gaarless Improved Standard Well Drilling Machine Drills through any formation. Five years ahead of any other. Has record of drilling 130 feet and driving casing in 9 hours. Another record where 70 feet was drilled on 2te gallons distillate at 9c per gallon. One man can operate. Electrically equipped for running nights. Fishing Joh. Engine ignition. Catalogue W-8. REIERSON MACHINERY CO.. Mfg.. 1 295-97 Hood St.. Portland, Ore. so, and the man who buys now buys cheapest. For work during the next twelve months, the explosives should be bought now and stored within reach. Since most stumps throughout the Northwest are large, it seldom pays to blast them out by firing the charges with ordinary cap and fuse. Any one charge that can be loaded under a big stump to take it out, even of the most modern, improved powder, will create a big cavity that takes time to fill. What is needed is a multiplication of smaller charges, located one under each of the main roots. The total cavity then made is no larger than a one or two-stick charge will make, because, though a great deal more powder may be used than one or two sticks, it is spread over a large area. The electric blasting machine as a labor saver is not yet fully appreciated. The difference between its use for firing charges and the use of fuse starts with the making of the holes for the charges. It is a comparatively quick and easy job to make inch and a half holes with a bar or auger to a depth of two or three feet, but to tunnel under a stump for the loading of a charge as big as a peck measure or larger is an- other matter. A still further saving results from the thorough splitting apart of the stump body and roots, so that they all may be handled easily by hand — not to mention at length the complete removal of all roots from the ground. Economy in land clearing this year is a matter of doing a clean, complete job in as little time and with as little man- work as possible. To accomplish it, blasting is the one available means, and proper blasting at that, with carefully selected powder. To Inspect Perishables The Food Production Act authorizes the Bureau of Markets, United States Department of Agriculture, to conduct an inspection service in order to certify to shippers the condition as to sound- WANTED Complete outfit of used box making ma- chinery, except boiler and engine. Must be in good repair. State price and shipping point in first letter. Address "Box Maker," care Better Fruit U/ontpH P" s 't' on as managerof bear- ItdlllCU j ng orchard. Understand thoroughly all kinds of orchard work. Can give best of references as to ability and character. At present employed, but want to make change. James F. Worst, Husum, Wash. Standard WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT k-HEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT i 9 1 7 ness of fruits and vegetables and other food products when received at import- ant central markets to be designated by the Secretary of Agriculture. The service should stimulate proper grading and packing of products in- tended for shipment and also should have a considerable effect in increasing next year's production, as it will tend to inspire confidence in the minds of producers and will cause farmers to send to the market certain highly per- ishable commodities which are not now shipped because of persistent reports of arrival in bad condition. This work still is in a more or less experimental stage, although experi- ments conducted at Fort Worth, Texas, in the fall of 1916 demonstrated its practicability and educational value to shippers. One or more inspectors will be placed in the more important mar- kets to handle cars regarding which complaints have been received from shippers or receivers. The number of inspectors to be stationed in each city will depend not only upon the size of the market, but upon the number of commodities to be covered by the ser- vice. It is contemplated that certain phases of this work will be conducted in co-operation with the United States Food Administration. BETTER FRUIT Page 23 Exchange Gives Returns on Berries Frederick W. Buff of the Fruit Grow- ers' Exchange, Hood River, Oregon, last week completed the closing of the season's strawberry pools. Some excel- lent returns were made to the growers, as follows:: June 4th, $5.20; 6th, $4.03; 7th, $3.50; 8th, $3.84; 9th, $3.60; 10th, $3.80; 11th, $3.49; 12th, $3.52; 13th, $3.52; 14th, $3.60; 15th, $3.56; 16th, $3.56; 17th, $3.44; 18th, $3.31; 19th, $3.33; 20th, $3.06; 21st, $2.82; 22nd, $2.76; 23rd, $2.90; 24th, $2.84; 25th, $1.99; 26th, $2.50; 27th, $1.66; 28th, $2.14; 29th, $2.10; 30th, $2.08. July 1st, $1.90; 2nd, $1.90; 3rd, $1.84; 4th, $1.80; 5th, $1.85; 6th, $1.93; 7th, $2.01; 8th, $1.99; 9th, $2.02; 10th, $1.91; 11th, $2.03; 12th, $2.10; 13th, $2.04; 14th, $2.09; 16th, $2.05; 17th, $1.99; 18th, $2.08; 19th, $2.35. Apple Growers' Association, Hood River, Oregon, prices on strawberries for 1917: June 1 and 2, $4.80; 3 and 4, $3.33; 5 to 11, $3.45; 12 to 15, $3.51; 16, $3.64; 17 to 19, $3.30; 20, $3.18; 21 to 24, $2.80; 25 and 26, $2.63; 27 to 30, $2.09. July 1 to 6, $1.81; 7 to 11, $1.87; 12 to 18, $2.02; 19 to 27, $2.25. Both dates given with each price are inclusive. Food Conservation. Mr. G. Harold Powell, manager of the Citrus Fruit Growers' Association, Los Angeles, probably the highest paid man- ager of any fruit association in the United States, has been given a leave of absence so that he could go to Washing- ton to assist Mr. Hoover in the food conservation campaign. No better man could have been sent for this purpose, for the reason that Mr. Powell is famil- iar and has been interested in the fruit industry from boyhood and understands the business as thoroughly as any man in the United States. The Portland Picking Bag The Safe Way for Fruit PRICES Single bag $1.75 Lots of three bags . 5.00 Lots of dozen bags 18.50 By insuring both a safe and speedy method of handling fruit, this bag has no equal. Its large opening at the top relieves any hesita- tion as to where fruit should be placed. The all-canvass sides and bottom prevent bruising. Its large capacity saves frequent emptying. It is carried by shoulder straps.leaving both hands free for picking. Its emptying arrangement is so simple and efficient that a dis- tinct saving in time and freedom from fruit injury is made. Its price is so moderate that they should be found in every orchard. The Hardie Mfg. Co. 49 North Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON CALIFORNIA ATTRACTIONS SAN FRANCISCO DEL MONTE MONTEREY PASO ROBLES SANTA BARBARA LOS ANGELES Very attractive at this season of the year. Automobiling, golf, tennis and all out of door sports. RniinH Trin TirLotc Now on sa,e to Southern California points nuuuu 1 rip 1 iineib will enable you t0 visit these places F Ask your local agent for information. John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon Southern ific Lines WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 24 BETTER FRUIT This Medford (Oregon) Ice and Storage Company Warehouse IS INSULATED WITH Cabot's Insulating "Quilt" at the lowest cost and with the greatest efficiency and permanence. Quilt is made of eel JrTsf the fiber that will not rot. will not burn, will not harbor insects or ver- min ft make a thick cushion of dead air spaces that keeps out heat better than rTthe'r insulators that cost much more and that are not permanent sanitary or safe £ f lavpr of Quilt is equal in insulating power (by actual test) to forty or fifty Payers of common bunding paper. It is elsy to apply, low priced and never goes to pieces in the work. Send for sample of Quilt, with catalog and prices, to SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Manufacturing Chemists, Boston, Mass. or to the Northwest Distributors: S. W. R. DALLY, Globe Building, Seattle TIMMS, CRESS & CO., Portland Conservo Wood Preservative— preserves posts, planks and all other timbers. Cabot's Creosote Stains-for shingles, siding and other outside finish. United States Government Bureau of Standards tests show Cabot's Quilt more efficient than any other insulator, including cork board. jfie Gasoline of Quality Red Crown's con- tinuous chain of boiling points in- sures maximum power and mileage. Standard Oil Company (California) INCREASE THE FOOD SUPPLY Let hoed crops provide for the present and the high prices obtained pay for a walnut orchard to provide for your future Hoed crops, such as corn, beans and potatoes, grown between walnut trees will produce more food and income than grain grown on the whole ground. Walnut trees planted 40 feet apart use only a small part of the ground for the first few years. Plant our grafted Vrooman Franquettes. They have won a reputation for reliability and superior quality. Groner &|McClure, Hillsboro, Oregon September How to Can Tomatoes Select firm, well-formed tomatoes. Scald one and one-half minutes, or until skins loosen. Dip quickly into and out of cold water. Peel and remove stems and cores. Pack directly into cans or hot jars. Press down with a tablespoon (add no water). Add a level teaspoon- ful of salt per quart. Put the rubber rings and caps of jars into position, but do not tighten fully. Seal tin cans com- pletely. Place the packed containers on a false bottom in a vessel of water sufficiently deep to cover them by one inch and allow to remain at a boiling temperature for 22 minutes when using hot-water-bath canners. -Myrtle Point, Sep- -Heppner, September 13 to -Medford, September 17 to NORTHWEST FAIR DATES STATE Oregon — Salem, September 24 to 29. Washington — North Yakima, September 17 to 22. Idaho — Boise, September 24 to 29. Montana — Helena, September 24 to 29. California — Sacramento, September 8 to 15. OREGON COUNTY AND LOCAL FAIRS "Fan-'em-All" — Mitchell, September 3 to 5. Multnomah County — Gresham, September 11 to 16. Eastern Clackamas — Estacada, September 12 to 14. Coos and Curry Counties tember 12 to 15. Morrow County 15. Jackson County 22. Community Fair — Hillsboro, September 18 to 20. Lincoln County — Toledo, September 18 to 20. Local Fair — Tygh Valley, September 18 to 20. Polk County — Dallas, September 18 to 20. Douglas County — Roseburg, September 18 to 20. Malheur County — Ontario, September 18 to 22. Linn County — Scio, September 18 to 20. Clackamas County — Canby, September 18 to 21. Columbia County — St. Helens, September 19 to 21. Round-up — Pendleton, September 20 to 22. Local Fair — Sisters, September 25 to 27. Wallowa County — Enterprise, September 25 to 28. West Side Fair — Tumalo, September 28. Harvest Festival — Grants Pass, September 28 to 30. Washington County — Forest Grove, October 2 to 5. Lane County — Eugene, October 3 to 5. Interstate Fair — Prineville, October 3 to 6. Local Fair— Albany, October 12 to 14. WASHINGTON COUNTY FAIRS Southwest Washington— Chehalis - Centralia, August 27 to September 1. Interstate — Spokane, September 3 to 8. Grays Harbor County — Elma, September 5 to 9. Pioneer Pow-Wow— Walla Walla, September 13 to 15. , _„ Local Fair — Kelso, September 15. Cowlitz County— Woodland, September 19 to 22. Klickitat County — Goldendale, October 9 to 13. IDAHO COUNTY FAIRS Madison County — Rexburg, September 3 to 8. Power County— American Falls, September 12 to 15. Bingham County— Blackfoot, September 12 Twin Falls County— Filer, September 17 to 22. Latah County — Moscow, September 25 to 29. Minidoka County— Rupert, October 2 to 6. Washington County — Cambridge, October 3 to 5. OTHER EXPOSITIONS Manufacturers' and Land Products Show — Portland, November 3 to 24. Northwest Livestock Show— Lewiston, No- vember 8 to 15. Pacific National Dairy Show — Portland, No- vember 16 to 23. Pacific International Livestock Show — Port- land, November 19 to 24. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ig I? BETTER FRUIT Page 25 MONARCH CIDER PRESS Here's the right outfit for work- ing up the culls into profitable cider. Suitable for individual and merchant service. Ourcelebrated high pressure design with minute accu- rateconstruction, getsail the juicewithlow operatingex- pense. Builtinsizesfroin 15to400 barrelsaday 60-paye Catalogue free. Write today. # - »&1 *#—£ A C Y Weal/so re awSa Engines, , ^S c **«jp Sawmills, 1 1 Thr. ahera, £ Ask/or Catalogue. 0-paye Catalogue H Wv. Write today. yF* \. B. Farquhar ^^F :o.. Ltd., Box IOC J i'ork, Penna. /, EXCLUSIVE SALES AGENTS FOR OREGON, WASHINGTON AND IDAHO Western Farquhar Machinery Co. 308 East Salmon Street Portland, Oregon BUY AND TRY White River Flour MAKES Whiter, Lighter Bread WlTTE ?« GET A KER0-01L" ENGINE Save $15 to $200 Have More Power— Do your work easier— Get a bet- ter engine— At less cost — I Make more money— Save more fuel— Immediate Shipment —No waiting — Five -Year Guarantee— 90-Day Trial— Hundreds of engines —2 to 22 H-P.— all styles— Ready to Ship— Suit your- self as to terms — Cas h— or Payments— or NO MONCT'""^-^"-^ II V IflVlIU* r j B hted)-"How to Judge ¥\i\lI/\T Engines"— and latest wholesale fac- 11111/1/ « tory prices— Direct. 1 ship every- uu "" where in the U. S.— guarantee B afe delivery— Save you $15 to $200— make yog the best price. I ship big engines — or small engines -on wire orders.-ED. H. WITTE. Pres. WITTE ENGINE WORKS 1888 Oakland Ave., Kansas City, Mo. 1888 Empire Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. Packing Apple Ammunition Continued from page 6. encd to another box. A rubber cot is worn on the thumb to assist in picking up the paper. Wrapping apples is quite a trick. As the paper is held in one hand the apple is picked up with the other and placed, or rather thrown, into the middle of the sheet. As the hand closes over the apple the edges are caught by the other hand and given a slight twist, after which the apple is placed firmly in position in the box, folded side of the paper underneath. Nearly all sizes of apples go into two styles of diagonal packs, three-two and two-two. The former is so called be- cause three apples are placed across the end of the box, then two, and so on. Of the first three, one goes in each cor- ner and one in the middle. The next two tit into the spaces between them, while the next three are placed in a position to the first three. The third and fifth layers are packed the same, but the second and fourth layers are packed two-three. That is, only two apples are laid next to the end of the box, iitting into the spaces below, be- tween the apples in the layer under- neath. The two-two pack is started by plac- ing an apple in one corner and another midway between it and the other cor- ner. Of the next two apples, one is laid next to the space between the two just placed and the other in the space be- tween one of the apples and the side of the box. All the layers in this pack are started the same way, only the corner apple is placed in the opposite corner from the one which contains an apple in the layer below. Apples of which 104 or less fill a box are put into two-two packs, which have four layers, four rows to the layer, while all smaller sizes are packed three- two, having five layers of five rows each. A postal scales is a great aid in de- termining in what pack apples of a cer- tain size will go. This is found by dividing the weight of the apple into the weight of a box of apples, the lat- ter being 45 pounds, or 720 ounces. For example, apples weighing a half pound each go into the 88 pack; seven-ounce apples pack 104; six ounce, 125; five ounce, 150; four ounce, 175. The use of a scales makes it possible to pick out for the grader guide apples of exactly the right size. In exhibition packs the apples are all turned one way, but in commercial packs they are turned any way to make them fit closely together, so they won't work loose. In some packs, such as the 104 and the smaller three-two packs, the apples in each layer fit closely to- gether, while in others, such as the 112, they must be left quite loose, being held in place by the apples above and below. Given apples of a certain size, how can they be packed to "come out right"? It is all a matter of selection and know- ing which way to turn the apple when it is laid in place. An expert packer must be a good judge of form and size, able quickly and accurately to measure I Say "DontBuy this Tractor or Any Ot her Until You Get this Book" It tells all about the most wonderful little Tracklaying Tractor ever built for Orchard and Vineyard work. Write J me today, or send the "Tractor Oppor- p tunity" coupon. Lowest prices now. ■ My name is W. B. Raymond, and I am J the man in this concern whose job it is J to get the story of the wonderful little ■ Bean TrackPULL Tractor before orchard- J ists and vineyardists. And I say "Don't J buy this tractor or any other until you ■ get the TrackPULL story, because that 5 story may revolutionize your tractor ideas S to your great benefit. "There are some things that the Track- E PULL won't do, and you want to know 5 those things before you buy a Bean _ TrackPULL — and there are other things g it trill do that other tractors can't do, pj and those things are vitally important, B particularly to vineyardists and or- pj chardists. "The front drive principle — steering g with the track that PULLS — is just one pj of the features of this great little tractor pj that is patented. No other tractor is like ■ it. A patent, of course, always means a ■ big advantage. ■ "Look at the illustration. The Bean — ■ 6 h. p. at the draw bar — pulls instead of ■ pushes itself over the ground, and you ■ steer with the track that pulls. That I means you can do everything with the ■ Bean that you do with horses plus a lot I of things horses and other tractors never ■ have done — like going under tree-boughs ■ only four feet off the ground and pulling ■ full load on turns. The Bean works be- ■ tween seven-foot rows in vineyards — ■ that's another advantage. "But I couldn't begin to show you in ■ an ad all the advantages. They've got to ■ go into a book, and you ought to have ■ that book before you buy a tractor be- ■ cause it will save you money." BEAN TrackPULL Tractor ■ ■ Send me the coupon below and I'll 6end you I the book free. Bead about the "Fifteen Features ■ of the Bean." The price is $1150.00 now— the ■ lowest priced track-laying type of tractor built — but pj material costs are steadily going up so I suggest pj you act quickly before a raise. There's a real _ tractor opportunity in this low price. — W. B. K. Bean Spray Pump Co. Maters of tbe Famous Bean Sprayers and Pumps Patented Front Drive — No Other Like It WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT W. B. RAYMOND, BEAN SPRAT IH MP CO. 616 \V. Julian St-, San Jose, California. Without any obligation on my part, send ma vmir ! Bean Trackl'L'LL Tractor Book at once. Name | Streel I City State J Number of acres 5 Kind of crops grown.— ■ I expect to buy a tractor about | I ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■I WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 26 BETTER FRUIT DISTRIBUTION Is the Question of the Hour in the Great Northwest (Read "Not Overproduction of Apples but Lack of Distri- bution," by E. H. Shepard, in July issue.) How to get the maximum of profit with a minimum of risk! You want to ship to the highest market. That means trad- ing with people you never had any dealings with before. Sounds risky, doesn't it? But, it is not— if you will use the BIG BLUE BOOK. By referring to it you can tell at a glance what experience other shippers have had with every receiver in the country AND INSTANTLY, just as surely as if each and every shipper in the country had personally told you of his experience. The BLUE BOOK will: (1) Enable you to find the highest market. (2) Enable you to deal only with honorable firms and steer clear of the Kickers, Rejectors and Rebaters. (3) Gives you the accepted definitions of grades and trading rules. The BLUE BOOK is our main feature— it helps Shippers avoid trouble — but there are other features of our Organization that help them out of trouble should they by any chance get into it. Want to know any more about it? Write to Produce Reporter Company 904 Bell Telephone Building, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS September the size and shape of an apple with his eye. Since most apples are wider than they are long, the following suggestions will he found useful: To make the rows come out longer, lay the apples on end or on the side, crosswise; to make the rows shorter, lay the apples on the side, lengthwise; to make the layer wider, lay the apples on end or ori the side, lengthwise; to make it nar- rower, lay the apples on the side, cross- wise — that is, with the stems pointing across the box. If the box is too full, lay more apples on end; if not full enough, lay more on the side. It is sometimes necessary to choose very flat or very long apples to fit certain positions. A similar application of the above principle is used to get the bulge on a box of apples, which is especially diffi- cult for a beginner. Not only are slightly larger apples selected for the middle of the box but wide, flat speci- mens are picked out for that position — if the apples are being packed on the side — and long, narrow apples for the ends. If the apples are being packed on the end this process is reversed, the flat apples being used at the end of the box and the long ones in the middle. When the boxes are nailed up the bulge or crowns should be about three- quarters of an inch on both top and bottom. Before the top is nailed on the apples project above the top of the box about an inch and a half in the middle and half an inch at the ends, when pressed down firmly with the hands. IF YOU would appreciate the services of old established, successful, responsible fruit distributors, keep the undersigned in mind when you have fruit to market. Write us for information. We give you con- servative opinion on market conditions. We can market your fruit where it will bring best results. DAPC SL CAM Portland Thirty-six years same location. rHUt PU PONT AMERICAN INDUSTRIES ffi j ■a m m m> ft '/M '. V/A ft w/. VM w//A ft ■y.a -if ^ Sebastopol Gravensteins The crop of famous Sebastopol Gravenstein Apples is now moving. Season closes August 26th. The best apples from over 200 of our best orchards. Community packing houses insure uniform pack. See our representative or wire us. Sebastopol Apple Growers' Union SEBASTOPOL, CALIFORNIA when the temperature will be under control, it is desirable to adopt every means which experience has shown to be profitable for the safe carriage of the fruit. The age of the trees has an influence on the development of pit, and this was clearly stated in my second report under the heading of "Old Apple and Pear Trees": "It is a well-known fact that young and vigorous trees are liable to this disease, while old and well- established trees are comparatively free, and this is just what would be expected from a consideration of the factors contributing to it." An experienced shipper has given practical confirmation of this view in a letter recently received, and it is worthy of the attention of those orchardists engaged in the export trade. Mr. F. W. Moore, who was formerly Secretary to the Council of Agriculture in Tasmania and now belonging to a firm of Australian fruit merchants, Covent Garden, London, has kindly placed at my disposal his experience, extending over sixteen years. In 1900 he started shipping apples from Tas- mania and came over to London with his first consignment, which landed in good condition. Next year he shipped two consignments of apples by way of the Cape, and had not only seen these apples growing on the trees, but many of them were wrapped and picked in his presence, and he felt satisfied that no better fruit had been shipped. When the fruit was opened in London, he was astonished to find that a very large pro- portion of the Ribston Pippins were badly affected with bitter pit. It so happened that a very large proportion of this variety, which was the only one affected, had been grown on young trees. In 1902 he started the business in London of supervising the handling and sale of Tasmanian apples, and since that time his firm has had to do with the shipments of apples from all parts of Australia. As the result of this large experience he has come to the follow- ing conclusions: (1) That Ribston Pip- pins from older trees show less bitter pit than from younger trees, and in- stances the case of a Tasmanian grower who never ships this variety to England from trees under ten years old, and while bitter pit is never altogether absent from his consignments, it has never been very bad. (2) That fruit Nice Bright Western Pine FRUIT BOXES AND CRATES Good standard grades. Well made. Quick shipments. Carloads or less. Get our prices. Western Pine Box Sales Co. SPOKANE. WASH. Driver Agents Wanted Drive i your comnu Five-Pass Bl ,15-in Wheelbase Delco Ignition—Elect. Sts* & L*e BUSH MOTOR COMPANY.BushTemple.Chicago.lllinois . , Ship- nts are prompt. Bush Cars puar- anteod or money back. 1918 models ready. Write at once for my 48-paire cata- log an.f all partic- Bush, Bres. Dcpt-9MN WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 19 1 7 BETTER FRUIT Page 29 from young trees is more severely attacked is strikingly confirmed by the fact that fruit from Northern Tas- mania has shown a higher percentage of bitter pit than that from the south of the island. Fruit growing in North- ern Tasmania is comparatively a new industry and a very large proportion of the trees there cannot be more than ten to twelve years old in the orchards which have been planted for commer- cial purposes. In keeping with this view, West Australian fruit is often found to be badly affected, and it is known that a large proportion of the apple trees in that state are still comparativley young. It must not be forgotten that the fruit referred to, which was found to be badly affected on reaching London, had been placed on board comparatively free from any visible sign of pit. Kept at the proper temperature, it has been experiementally proved that the devel- opment of pit would have been re- tarded, but at the same time it suggests that many of these apples, if allowed to remain on the trees, would have become pitted. In the experimental orchard in West- ern Australia, the Cleopatra trees were only ten years old when the fruit was picked, and this will partly account for the high percentage of pit in a season particularly favorable for its develop- ment. Just as the proper regulation of the temperature controls the pit in cold storage, so will the proper system of pruning in the orchard control it in the fruit still growing on the tree. In seeking for the cause of this dis- ease, we are at the same time endeavor- ing to discover how to prevent it, for by removing or counteracting the cause the effect will not be produced. Even although the cause is discovered, it is not always possible to get rid of it, and then we seek to minimize its effects. According to the nature of the cause or the supposed cause, so will be the nature of the remedial measure. In France the insect origin of the disease is generally accepted, and ac- cordingly the measures recommended are those calculated to destroy in- jurious insects. But we have found that the disease is produced even when insects are excluded, as in the case of apples grown inside calico bags, so that the special disease of bitter pit does not originate in this way. In America it is sometimes mistaken for a disease caused by a fungus, and spraying with fungicides is resorted to, Attention, Fruit and Vegetable Growers CAN your Fruits, Vegetables, Meats and Fish in Sanitary Cans, with the H. & A. Steam Pressure Canning Outfits, built in Family, Orchard and Commercial size; seal the cans with the H. & A. Hand or Belt Power Double Seamer; they will save your perishable fruits and vegeta- bles at ripening time when nothing else will. Write for descriptive matter. Henninger & Ayes Mfg. Co. 47 S. First St., Portland, Ore. Fruit Labels When packed in a plain box or crate, fruit is fruit. It does not mean apples or other fruit until you label it properly —and just as good clothes make a favorable impression- give distinction— so well designed and printed labels dress your package, appeal to the eye and help the sale. Our Lithographed Labels will advertise your brand and help the dealer sell your apples. THE UNITED STATES PRINTING & LITHOGRAPH CO. 901 Hoge Building, Seattle, Washington 1 1 2 Market Street, San Francisco, California OVER SIX MILLION Bushe! Shipping Baskets SOLD SO FAR THIS SEASON Everybody is shipping fruits and vegetables in our bushel shipping baskets, simply because they are the best and cheapest package on the market. The demand for these baskets promises to ex- ceed the production this year. Therefore order now for quick shipment be- fore the advance in freight rates. Write for Prices Today. PACKAGE SALES CORPORATION 1201 Advertising Building, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Best Insulation for Fruit Storage Houses Cabot's Insulating Quilt Building Papers, Roofing, Building Material, Paint Gravity Box Conveyors TIMMS, CRESS & CO., Inc., 184-6 Second St., Portland, Oregon LADD«TILTON ■ BANK • This Pioneer Bank invites you to make this your banking home Successful People never spend all they earn. They save not occasionally but regularly. Start a savings account now or add to your savings account regularly from now on. It will give you a new lease on life. LADD &TILTON BANK PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 30 BETTER FRUIT September Ridley, Houlding & Co, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON Points to remember when consigning apples to the London Market 1.— We Specialize in Apples 2.— All Consignments Receive our Personal Attention 3-The Fruit is Sold by Private Treaty CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING, LONDON LESLIE BUTLER. President TRUMAN BUTLER, Vice President C. H. VAUGHAN, Cashier Established 1900 Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Capital . . $100,000.00 4% Interest Paid in our Savings Department WE GIVE SPECIAL ATTENTION TO GOOD FARM LOANS If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or If you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY EWBALTESAND COMPANY Printers • Binders Unexcelled facilities for the production of Catalogues, Book- lets, Stationery, Posters and Advertising Matter. Write us for prices and specifications. Out-of-town orders executed promptly and accurately. We print BETTER FRUIT. CORNER FIRST AND OAK STREETS PORTLAND, OREGON but the "bitter rot," for which it is mis- taken, is quite a different disease, and all attempts to associate a fungus with bitter pit have failed. If we cannot always decide definitely what the cause of a disease is, it is important to know what it is not, in order to save the application of useless remedies. Bitter pit is due neither to insects nor fungus, nor even to bacteria, and therefore it is not parasitic in its origin. In Australia it has been frankly con- fessed that the cause was unknown and that it required investigation. The result of this investigation goes to show that the primary cause of the trouble is the extra pressure of the sap in the outermost layer of pulp-cells to begin with, causing them to burst and collapse, together with the vascular net- work associated with them. A large number of well-established facts have been brought forward to support this view, which has suggested the best known means of reducing the amount of pit in the orchard, and these reme- dies are supported by experimental evidence. The cause having been considered, the control of the disease may now be attempted from a rational standpoint. Whatever tends to regulate the "flow of sap" and distribute it to the various fruit-buds so that each receives its due share without being over-gorged, will also tend to prevent pit. It is evident that pruning is the great factor here, and it has been proved experimentally that the pit in a susceptible variety such as Cleopatra may be reduced to 4-6 per cent by this means. But the fruit may be picked from the tree without any external trace of bitter pit and develop it afterwards. It was one of the main objects of this investigation to prevent the loss due to this cause in oversea shipments of fruit, and this serious loss may now be prevented by the exercise of common-sense methods. By keeping the fruit in cold storage at a uniform temperature of 30-32 degrees Fahren- hent, the development of bitter pit is retarded, and at the same time the ripening process is arrested. This is based upon the well-known principle that at that temperature there is a slow- ing down of the vital activities, and it is practically a case of suspended ani- mation. All these results have been obtained by the experimental method, which is the only sure and satisfactory way of advancing our knowledge and at the same time assisting the orchard- ists. The practical applications have already been given and reported upon. We are informed that a new booklet has just been published on reducing cider to boiled cider and apple jelly and the manufacture of apple butter by the steam process. Information on this subject will be of value to the fruit growers, especially this year, when all waste must be conserved to the fullest possible extent, and all perishable fruits converted into by-products for food use. This booklet, which is known as Catalogue No. 82, will be sent free on request by the Hydraulic Press Manufacturing Company, Mt. Gilead, Ohio. — Adv. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT =JtlltltlllllltIUIMlUlllltllllillMll!lirtllJimilllL>IMMIllllUllltlllII1l IIU^I* LTIJ Lt H I < 1 1 L i I : L M 1 1 ■ u t M I M I U 1 1 1 M I i M I i M 1 1 J 1 1 1 M I d 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 ] L M I b 1 1 1 1 ^ I L 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ 1 1 1 ) I IJ [ 1 1 1 1 L n I P L « 1 1 L 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J I r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 M 1 1 M 1 1 r 1 1 M 1 1 L M m M 1 1 1 ( M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 « M r ( 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 1 » 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 r ^ I The Ideal Fruit Grader j SIMPLICITY, ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY ABSOLUTELY NO BRUISING Two men, one an experienced machinest, the other an experienced cabinet maker, with many \ years' practical experience in the fruit industry in Hood River, combined their mechanical skill and | I practical knowledge of fruit handling in perfecting a grading machine— a model of simplicity, | economy and efficiency. There is no machinery— Nothing to get out of order or be fixed connected with the Ideal Fruit 1 | Grader. It is practically all wood. I The operation is simple, consisting of a belt for a conveyor, operated by electricity or gasoline | engine, and short elastic belts, which move each apple in the proper bin from the belt conveyor. The Ideal Fruit Grader divides the crop into Extra Fancy, Fancy and C-grade, all at one time. The | | Extra Fancy being divided into seven bins on one side, the Fancy into seven bins on the other side { | and the C-grade going into six bins at the end of the grader. Built for four sorters, the grader is 28 feet long and 9 feet wide built for eight sorters, 32 feet long. | In 1916 we packed 9,000 boxes with the Ideal Fruit Grader with two packers without the machine ever stopping once for repairs of any kind. Further detailed information, illustrated circulars and prices will be furnished upon request. IDEAL FRUIT AND NURSERY CO. HOOD RIVER, OREGON ^ii'imiiMirnimmiir imiimimimmiimimimiii inn ti. intuitu riiiiiiiitimiiiiiimimimiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiimimmmmiiiiimimii i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitimtiimimimit miuiimmiimii iiuiiiminimiimiiiii; Pacific Coast Agents United States Steel Products Co. San Francisco Los Angeles Portland Seattle J.C. Pearson Co.jnc. Sole Manufacturers Old South Bldg. Boston, Mass. PEARSON CONOMY DHESIVENESS E A R S o NAILS in buying is getting the best value for the money, not always in getting the lowest prices. PEARSON prices are right. or holding pow- er is the reason for PHARSON nails. For twenty years they have been making boxes strong. Now. more than ever. 1?T T A "RTT TTV behind the goods is mjMJYDLLil. 1 1 added value. Toucan rely on our record of fulfillment of every contract and fair adjustment of every claim. ATTCTT ATTTHM Is assured by our AJLlor AV^JLH-Jll long experience in making nails to suit our customers' needs. We know what you want; we guarantee satisfaction. RTflTNAT.TTY P ,us experience al- xv1Vi1HA1j±.1. * ways excels imita- tion. Imitation's highest hope Is. to sometime (not now) equal Pearson — meantime you play safe. A I L Richey & Gilbert Co. H.M.GILBERT.Presidentand Manager Growers and Shippers of Yakima Valley Fruits and Produce SPECIALTIES: Apples, Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON Z5/)e First National Bank HOOD RIVER, OREGON A. D. MOE - - President E.O.BLANCHAR - Cashier Capital and Surplus $125,000 Assets Over $500,000 Member Federal Reserve System WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS UKNTIDN BETTER FRUIT CI Jg^^ THE WORLD- QsBS^ OUR ORCHARD Kelly I NEW YORK I . UNQUESTIONABLY THE mam 111 THE DISTRIBUTION THE (?UNTRY'5 FflNQY AND OTHER. FRUIT J OUR MARKErT- THE WORLD WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERI MENTION BETTER fRUIT BETTER FRUIT Volume XII OCTOBER, 1917 Number 4 | SPECIAL FEATURES ^ iiiniiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiii inn imiiiiiiiimin iiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiniiinimii MI iiiiiiiiimiiiii IIUIIIII minimum I FEATURES OF THE I TENTH NATIONAL APPLE SHOW I SPOKANE, NOVEMBER 19-24 | 1917 ¥¥¥¥¥¥ I FRUIT- BUD FORMATION ¥¥¥¥¥¥ I GOVERNMENT ESTIMATES OF I THE APPLE CROP I ¥¥¥¥¥¥ I SHORT, INTERESTING I ARTICLES ON INTERESTING 1 SUBJECTS Are You Saving Your Money to Invest in a Second Liberty Loan? BETTER FRUI T PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, HOOD RIVER, OREGON Subscription $1.00 per Year in the United States ; Canada and Foreign, Including Postage, $1.50. Single Copy 10 Cents More Than You Ask In a Car— But You Need It It is evident that Mitchells offer more than buyers ask. Were it not so, all fine cars would need to have these extras. The usual margin of safety is 50 per cent over-strength. Mitchells are built to the standard of 100 per cent over- strength. That is, each part is twice as strong as need be. That means costly steels. It means oversize parts. It means toughened steel in more than 440 parts. It means $100,000 yearly for radical tests and inspections. Gears are tested for 50,000 pounds per tooth. Springs are so tested that in two years not one rear spring has broken. But it means to you a lifetime car. Two Mitchells that we know of have al- ready been run over 200,000 miles each. And it means repair cost reduced by at least 75 per cent. Other Wanted Extras There are 31 features in Mitchells which nearly all cars omit. Things like a power tire pump, reversible headlights, shock-absorbing springs, etc. They are more than you ask, but every feature is something that you need. There is beauty and luxury in costly extreme. We build our own bodies, and thus save a vast amount. All of that saving goes into added luxury. In the Mitchell you find every known attraction. Yet a Lower Price Yet the Mitchell prices are far below other cars of like size and class. Note that $1250 buys a 40-horsepower Six, with a 120-inch wheelbase. The reason lies in a model factory, built under John W. Bate. By efficiency methods he has cut our labor cost in two. Every machine is designed to build this one type at the lowest factory cost. With our mammoth output, this sav- ing is enormous. Part of it goes into extra values — into over-strength, extra fea- tures, added beauty. And part of it shows in the lower price. Here is the greatest value to be found in the fine-car field. You can see that at a glance. But the years will show you more than you can see. Our latest models will amaze you by their beauty and completeness. For your own sake, go and see them. If you do not know our nearest dealer, ask us for his name. MITCHELL MOTORS COMPANY, Inc. Racine, Wis., U. S. A. $1525 lWit-/»h«all — a roomy 7-passen- lVlIfL-IlCll ger Sjs> with ]27 _ inch wheelbase and a highly de- veloped 48-horsepower motor. Three-Passenger Roadster, $1490. Club Roadster, $1560 Sedan, $2275- Cabriolet, $1960 Coupe, $2135 Club Sedan, $2185 Also Town Car and Limousine. TWO SIZES $1250 MitchellJunior- a ss 2 e - s er Six on similar lines, with 120-inch wheelbase and a 40-horsepower motor. }^-inch smaller bore. Club Roadster, $1280 Sedan, $1950— Coupe, $1850 All Prices f. o. b. Racine. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipir BETTER FRUIT Page 3 SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS 8c CO. GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. GLASGOW LONDON Agencies and Representatives in Every Important European Market European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & FRENCH CO. SIMONS FRUIT CO. SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH, WEBLING CO. 204 Franklin Street, New York Toronto and Montreal 46 Clinton Street, Boston OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE Fruits and Produce 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND. OREGON W. H. DRYBJR 'W. W. BOLJ-^AM DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT 8TREET PHONES: MAIN 2348 PORTLAND, OREGON MARK LEVY & CO. Commission Merchants Wholesale Fruits 121-123 Front St. and 200 Washington St. PORTLAND, OREGON The Portland Hotel PORTLAND, OREGON Broadway, Morrison, Sixth and Yamhill Streets Covers an entire block in the city's heart. Convenient to the newspaper, banking, shopping and theatrical districts. Homelike, refined, restful. European Plan. $ 1 .00 per Day and Upwards RICHARD W. CHILDS, MANAGER g^^^^^^^^^-^~^^^^— i^~^-^^—^^^— ^^^-^^^^^^^^^™ W. van Diem Lange Franken Straat 45, 47, 49, 51, 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND European Receivers of American Fruits Eldest and First-Class House In this Branch Cable Address: W. Vandiem ABC Code used; 6th Edition Our Specialties Are Apples,Pears,Naval Oranges ARCADIA America's Greatest Orchard Project The home of the big "A" brand of apples. Winner of first prize at the National Apple Show, 1916, in shippers' contest. Only 22 miles from Spokane, Washington Gravity Irrigation. . Healthful Climate Pleasant Surroundings Tracts sold on easy monthly payments. Send for free booklet. Arcadia Orchards Company DEER PARK, WASHINGTON ORCHARDISTS SUPPLY HOUSE Franz Hardware Co. HOOD RIVER, ORE. VHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page -4 BETTER FRUIT October ST SERVICE - JTY& PRICES PERFECTION IN FRUIT j£^ 1423-24 1 PORTLAND.ORI E.Sheluey Mono an NORTHWESTERN MANAGER . WE CARRY -AND' CAN SrliPlN 24 HOURS-STOCK LABELS FOR PEARS, APPLES.CHERRIES a STRAWBERRIES. Driver Agents Wanted ■Drive an' i demonstrate the Baen Car. ray torii out oi ,/i ^mmi-ionaon Balea. My ageuta are <"«*£* "a^r^p. _15-in Wheelbase Delco Ignition-Elect. Stg.&Ltg, BUSH MOTOR COMPANY, Bush Temple, Chicago, Illinois back. 1918 models Write at once for log* and" all partic- ulars. Aridresn J. H. Bush, Pres. Dept. 10MN BUY AND TRY White River Flour MAKES Whiter, Lighter Bread The Hardie Nail Stripper Made of heavily coated tin, this stripper is built for hard con- tinuous service. Its use means a cutting of packing house costs. It is but one of many practical orchard and packing house devices described in our free circular. Send for it. The Hardie Mfg.Co. 49 North Front Street Portland, Oregon For tractors, Zerolene Heavy- Duty is especi- ally recommended. American Automobile Co. Tacoma "results secured in the hun- dreds of Stearns-Knight sold by us have been wonderfully satisfactory." CHEVROLET S. Dulmage Motor Co. Seattle ' 'we are finding Zerolene a very efficient lubricant." CADILLAC Western Auto Sales Co. Reno "we consider Zerolene partic- ularly adapted for use in high- speed "V" type motors." MAXWELL Lord Motor Car Co. Los Angeles "have used Zerolene in Max- well cars for over three years with excellent results." to Endorsed by Leading Car Distributors — because the records of their service departments show that Zerolene, correctly refined from California asphalt -base crude, gives perfect lubrication — less wear, more power, least carbon deposit. Dealers everywhere and at our service stations. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (California) fib ZEROLENE The Standard Oil for Motor Cars WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING Food Administration and Fruit and Vegetable Industry Address by G. Harold Powell at Twenty-third Annual Convention of the International Apple Shippers' Association, New York, August 16, 1917 IT is a pleasure to meet the mem- to the Allies since the beginning of spirit of co-operation, and with a con- bers of the International Apple the war. With an increase in the de- fidence that when the problem is ShiDDers' Association as a repre- mand for meat and a decrease in the clearly defined the industries will act "T is a pleasure to meet the mem- bers of the International Apple .Shippers' Association as a repre- sentative of the United States Food Administration, to discuss some of the questions that confront the apple in- dustry as a result of the war and to establish a relationship of mutual con- fidence between the Food Administra- tion and this organization. The Food Problem of America. The food problem of America is to send our Allies more foods of the most concentrated nutritive value in the smallest shipping space. These foods are wheat, beef, pork, dairy products and sugar. The solution is to eat less of these exportable foods, to substitute other foods, particularly the perish- ables, and to waste less food of all kinds. The food supplies of our Allies have been greatly reduced because the farmers are fighting at the front. Be- fore the war, the food production of the Allies was not equal to their con- sumption. They secured their surplus requirements from America, Russia, Roumania, South America, India, Aus- tralia and other countries. Now they can no longer obtain their food from most of the outside countries. There is a shortage in man power, in trans- portation, and there are other difficul- ties which they cannot surmount. Our Allies, therefore, ask America to sup- ply them with the necessaries of life that they may live and fight the battle — our battle, as well as their own, — for liberty and for democracy. America will of course supply the Allies with food, but it can be done only by the co-operative, patriotic ef- fort of every individual and every industry by producing abundantly, by handling food products wisely, by re- ducing the economic wastes in distri- bution, by simplifying the distributing machinery, by selling at reasonable prices without excessive distribution profits and by practicing economy and efficient management in the use and handling of food supplies. America must increase her normal exports of wheat from 88,000,000 to 220,000,000 bushels if the Allies are to be properly fed. It can be done by reducing the use of wheat one pound per person per week and by the sub- stitution of other foods. The food animals of the Allies have decreased 33,000,000 head since the war began. The needs of the Allied soldiers have increased the meat con- sumption abroad. The United States has already tripled the meat exports source of supply abroad, our exports must be greatly increased. If we will save one ounce of meat per person per day, the Allies can have what they need. There is a steady falling off in the dairy products of our Allies because of the loss in cattle and the increased cost of feed. Our exports last year reached three times as much butter and ten times as much condensed milk as we sent before the war. These ex- ports must be still further increased if the Allies are to be adequately sup- plied. The Allies will need 2,000,000 pounds more of sugar than they im- ported before the war. The supply must be drawn from the same source as our own supply. This can be done only by individual economy. Our pres- ent consumption of sugar per person is twice that of France. In meeting the war food problem, the Food Administration approaches the business interests of America in a quickly and directly in reaching the solution. But there are no miracles in prospect in the handling of perishable products. Taken in the large, we are dealing with millions of farmers most of whom are unorganized; with at least three hundred and fifty thousand wholesale and retail distributors who as a whole are equally unorganized; with the habits of twenty million fam- ilies whose individualism is not less pronounced than that of the producer himself; with systems of transporta- tion and of terminal distribution; with business methods and with buying and consuming habits that have grown up through generations of gradual evolu- tion. Yet we are confident that from national necessity the evolution in the methods of handling the nation's food will quickly effect a saving in food supplies and develop a more direct method of distribution at a lower cost to the prod u.c e r and consumer Through the co-operation of the pro- Continued on page 21 W00DR0W WILSON President of the United States SAYS TO THE MEN WHO RUN THE RAILWAYS OF THE COUNTRY— THE railways are the arteries of the nation's life and that upon them rests the immense responsibility of seeing to it that these arteries suffer no obstruction of any kind. THE GREATEST SINGLE OBSTRUCTION TO THE PROMPT handling of freight today is the shortage of cars. IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO BUILD NEW CARS IN TIME TO relieve the situation. THERE IS NO OTHER MEANS BY WHICH THE CAPACITY of the railways can be so economically and efficiently increased as by increasing the load per car. YOU CAN HELP WIPE THIS DIFFICULTY OFF THE MAP. It's easy! Listen! NO CAR IS LOADED UNLESS AND UNTIL FILLED TO FULL visible capacity, or to 10 per cent above marked weight-carrying capacity. A CAR LOADED TO FULL (10 PER CENT ABOVE MARKED) capacity can be moved just as fast as an under-loaded car and does not take up any more yard or sidetrack room. That's 110 per cent efficiency! AN INCREASE OF ONLY TWO TONS PER LOADED CAR WOULD be the same as adding 200,000 new cars to the supply available for public use. HEAVIER CAR LOADING WILL ELIMINATE. THE CAR SHORT- AGE OF THE NATION. JUST A LITTLE THOUGHT AND QUICK ACTION IS ALL THAT IS NECESSARY. HOW CAN YOU AFFORD NOT TO "DO YOUR BIT"? Page 6 BETTER FRUIT October The Fruit-Bud Formation Related to Orchard Practice Address Delivered by E. J. Kruse at Twelfth Annual Meeting of Washington State Horticultural Association, Spokane, Wash., November 15, 1915 IT is intended in this talk to deal with some of the possible methods for the modification of fruit pro- duction, especially a few of the main pruning practices in use, since they are generally and widely discussed, and viewpoints differ greatly. It is to be understood from the outset, how- ever, that any practice is a means to an end and not an end in itself. As soon as the fruit grower recognizes this he is in a way to make substantial progress in his work and not until then. It makes absolutely no differ- ence what system or systems of or- chard practices may be employed, nor can any one system be universally recommended as best; the power of control of the fruit bud or fruit spur system rests not upon a mere code of pruning or cultivation ideas, but upon principles and laws influenced by every practice. Since this is so one should be ready to adopt whatever of good there may be in any set of rules and discard that which is not accept- able. Orchard practices must be sup- plemented one by another. It is only by a rational combination of pruning, cultivation, fertilization, irrigation, cover-cropping, inter-cropping, or any other operation which has to deal with the change or modification of the functions of the tree, that ideal fruit- ing conditions can be maintained. To determine the exact adjustment of or- chard practices each man, to a large degree, must conduct his own experi- ments and determine not only what is best for his orchard as a whole but for each tree individually. The surest way to judge the needs of a tree is to carefully check over the treatment given it during the past and note the response. Having done this, modify the practice to conform to require- ments. It may be an increase or de- crease in cultivation to suppress or encourage growth; the application of manures or fertilizers, irrigation, or the combination of these and other agencies rather than a radical change solely in the pruning or any other one practice. Fruit-bud formation is di- rectly induced and the buds are de- pendent upon the conditions existing within the tree, and not by any system that may be hotly agitated today and abandoned tomorrow. In the past argument has waged around the ideal tree form but all are coming to realize more and more that tree-form is less essential than tree performance. It is folly to say that any one form is best; it may be best under certain circumstances, but cer- tainly not universally so. Whatever the shape chosen, however, under all circumstances it must be compatible with the basic idea of production, and in discussing production one is at once lead into a discussion of the fruit- producing machinery, the fruit-bud system. That misunderstanding may be avoided later, the several classes of fruit buds are mentioned. Those of perhaps most general occurrence and certainly the most widely discussed are those borne on fruit spurs. Now a fruit spur may be either simple or compound, depending on whether it bears a single terminal bud, as is the case when very young, or many buds, as is often true when several years old. The second most frequently oc- curring class of buds is the axillaries. They are borne on current-year wood in the axils or angles of the leaves and always close to the branch from which they arise. In apples it is often very difficult to tell them from the axillary leaf buds, in pears they are usually readily distinguishable by their large size and plumpness. This class of buds merits more attention than it has re- ceived in the past, though they are of rare occurrence in certain varieties, in others they are extremely abundant, and it is often from them that the ma- jor portion of fruit is produced on young, vigorous trees. The third class embraces the terminals, so-called be- cause they are borne at the tips or terminals of shoots or branches. Of course it is realized that in the case of fruit spurs the fruit buds are really terminal in position, but in the class now under consideration the shoots and branches are of considerable length, longer than would generally be considered a spur growth. In Ben Davis, for example, the spurs bearing a fruit may produce one to three very long laterals which in turn produce a fruit bud at the tip. If these laterals are very long the fruit bud would be considered "terminal"; if shorter, it would be regarded as forming part of a very loose, open spur. Actually, the difference is rather one of degree than of kind. The relation of each class of buds to the productivity of any particular va- riety is of greatest importance. All va- rieties of apples and pears produce fruit spurs, and after the tree comes to full bearing age the greater portion Home Life Industrial Life Na Armij The Basic Structure of our National Life Home, Industrial, Army and Navy Life all rest on the Food Supply, which in turn rests entirely on Crops that are dependent on Farm Machinery. ipl? BETTER FRUIT Page 7 of fruit is generally borne on them. The trees should be so managed, there- fore, that the spurs are well distrib- uted throughout the entire tree, and afforded the best condition for pro- ducing prime fruit. On the other hand, many varieties while young, particu- larly those that come into bearing at any early age, produce a very large proportion of the first few crops from terminals and axillaries. For such va- rieties a method of pruning which will tend to conserve and encourage as many as possible of these fruit buds should be adopted. As the trees grow older, and fruit spurs are developed and an increasingly greater propor- tion of the fruit is so borne, the method of pruning should be modi- fied in such a way as to encourage more fruit spurs, to maintain those present in good condition and also to provide some new shoots bearing axil- lary and terminal buds. Of course it is realized that some growers are con- fronted with the tendency of their trees to over bear, to produce fruit at the expense of shoot production. Such a state of affairs is really an exception to conditions generally encountered and special practices, largely cultural rather than pruing, would have to be employed for handling such trees. It is a more difficult task to counteract the habit to over bear due to pecu- liarly local environment than to man- age the average trees which fail to bear, unless circumstances are ex- tremely unusual. Briefly then, determine the type of production of the variety as limited by the conditions under consideration and adopt such methods as best apply to it. One of the first pruning prin- ciples to be learned is the difference in effect of heading back and thin- ning out the top. It may be regarded as virtually a universal rule that under like conditions a liberal heading back tends to produce vegetative shoots and thicken the top at the expense of fruit bud formation, both because of exces- sive vegetative stimulation and a shad- ing out due to an increased size and number of branches, while thinning out with no heading back means a generous number of fruit buds, a less- ened vegetative response and a pos- sible sacrifice of tree form. It would be easy to take a hypothetical case and compute the number of shoots and fruit buds resulting from the two methods of pruning, but it is suf- ficient to say that the result would substantiate the foregoing statement. Knowing the effects of these two prac- tices, the successful grower will com- bine the two for best success. In other words, neither method is the better, except that when trees have been neglected or pruned wholly ac- cording to one system or the other, as many orchards have been, it is fre- quently an advantage to completely re- verse the method for a year or two and thereafter follow both. The fruit grower is frequently con- fronted with the condition, where ap- parently, either he must sacrifice form or fruit production, as for example young trees which have set a number of fruit buds towards the tips of long branches, or which probably would develop fruit buds on branches left uncut. It will be found that instead of treating all branches on the trees alike and pruning to the best possible form, judged from the standpoint of beauty only, the tree would be more profitable and of exactly as good form eventually if some of the supernu- merary branches were not removed and either headed back very lightly or not at all; this to be done during the winter. It is the general experience that such uncut branches will go into the fruiting condition, especially if well exposed to light and air, sooner than those cut heavily. They may be removed later when the remainder of the tree begins to fruit. The advan- tages of such a system are at least two- fold: first, the truit which is har- vested from the branches and second, the tree as a whole receives a lighter pruning and goes into the fruiting con- dition more quickly than if severe pruning'is continued. Its disadvan- tages lie mostly in the fact that the pruner has difficulty in keeping the final form of his tree in mind unless entirely cut over; that the tree may be a bit unsightly; that there is a ten- dency to allow the tree to become too thick, and a hesitancy to remove the unpruned branches after the tree as a whole has come into bearing. The practice is better adapted to slender or open growing varieties such as Spitzenburg, Ortley, or Jonathan, than to the denser growing varieties as Newtown or Arkansas Black. It is worthy of trial on pears, but due to the very upright tendency of some va- rieties, it might be difficult to man- age them. Another way of inducing and main- taining a good fruit spur system is through summer pruning. There are A view of the- portable carrier in tin- precooling rooms. You will note that tin- carrier is handling packed boxes of oranges traveling in the direction Of ears for shipment. The temperature in this room is 38°. Gravity carrier systems have been used extensively throughout the Fast by large manufacturers for handling packages, and also by the citrus fruit growers of California. On account of the efficiency and economy in the use of the system it is going to be a great saving to all of the large apple packing houses in the Northwest, as well as all of the shipping con- cerns. Every concern handling box apples in quantity should investigate the carrier system if they want to do their business more economically and more efficiently. Page 8 BETTER FRUIT October many methods, all of which have their supporters; only a few will be taken up. It is now five years since the Oregon Experiment Station tried the first experiment on what may be called early summer pruning and first recommended it for limited trial pending its success. Personally, I be- lieve this idea can be recommended with confidence for use on young vig- orous trees and those just coming into bearing. Briefly, the method is as fol- lows: When the new growth has at- tained a length several inches more than the branch would be left after a winter pruning of it at the end of the season, cut it back into wood which is firm and on which the leaves are as far apart as they would be at full ma- turity. Usually this means the re- moval of several inches to a foot or even more of growth. Generally such a pruning will come from the fore part of June to the fore part of July, de- pending on locality. The effect of such cutting back varies according to variety and vegetative vigor of the tree. To be successful it is expected that two or three buds on each branch will break and form shoots from six to possible some thirty inches long by fall, while below these there will prob- ably be several shorter shoots or spurs pushed out. In other words, instead of having one very long shoot by fall, it will be in much the same condition so far as branching is concerned, as it would have been the year following. This early summer pruning then is similar to and takes the place of a winter pruning. In a sense two years have been combined into one. Of course such a statement is compara- tive, the result is not exactly the same. During the winter following such a pruning, the secondary shoots which have pushed out should be headed back, if long, to the desired length, and a liberal thinning given, while if but a few inches of secondary growth have been the result, either do not prune at all except for thinning out or merely tip back the terminals. This tipping back is unnecessary in the case of varieties which normally break sev- eral buds but should not be neglected with those, such as Spitzenburg, Ort- ley, and Spy, which tend to break at the terminals only and produce long, slender, willowy shoots. It may prove advisable to do such second tipping in the fall just as length growth is ceas- ing, but on this point data are now lacking. What are the results of such prun- ing? There are advantages and disad- vantages, the former seemingly over- balancing the latter. In the first place, as just pointed out, virtually two years so far as form building is concerned, are combined into one; excessive heavy winter pruning is avoided; it is possible to correct, to a very large de- gree, the willowy spreading habit of many trees; the shorter stock branches resist the effect of the wind to greater advantage, there is no production of "crow nests" which often result from pinching; and of greatest importance, there is a more advantageous placing and probably an increase of fruit buds. This latter result is brought about in two ways. First there may be and often is a development of fruit buds on the lower part of the pruned shoot during the summer that the pruning is done, and even more likely so during the summer following when this part of the shoot functions as if it were a year older than it actually is. And second, in the case of many of those varieties that tend to produce axillary buds far out toward the ter- minus and which would be removed, therefore, by the ordinary winter pruning, may be retained since they may have been induced to develop be- low the summer cut or develop as axillaries and terminals on the sec- ondary shoots, the shorter of which require no winter pruning. The method is also successful with pears. I have in mind a number of young pear trees on which virtually the only immediate response from such a summer pruning was the push- ing out of the axillary buds a short way and then producing fruit buds, and a number of older pear trees, which the owner tells me still show a beneficial effect in fruit production from such an experimental pruning given several years ago. The method is recommended also for use on trees that have been top worked, and are making a vigorous growth. For by it considerable time may be saved in shaping the new top and again bring- ing it into bearing. The disadvantages urged against it are that the secondary branches are apt to be weak and form a poor angle or crotch, that the tree becomes too dense and twiggy, and that the pro- cess is devitalizing. No one or all of these suggestions is sufficiently seri- ous to discourage the recommenda- tion of early summer pruning, as a general practice. It is true that on some varieties the crotches the first year are not so desirable as are those resulting from winter pruning, but this effect disappears in a year or two and neither crotch nor branch can be distinguished from any other except that there are more fruit buds or spurs present. The question of density is easily regulated by thinning out either during the summer or winter and in this connection attention is again di- rected to the relative merits of head- ing back and thinning out. It cer- tainly remains to be proven that the system as recommended is devitaliz- ing. It is true that excessive summer pruning can be made a detrimental practice, but there are many and sun- ipir BETTER FRUIT Page p This Tree was planted in a BLASTED Bed [This one was planted the ordinary way Herman H. Smidt, R. F. D. 3, Oregon City, Oregon, owner of these trees, read in Better Fruit that trees planted in blasted sod would grow faster and be better in every way than trees set in dug holes. He tried it, and on February 14, 1916, wrote as follows: "I intended to blast the whole orchard but ran out of powder and finished a small balance without it. I am glad of this now because it has enabled me to compare the growth of the trees and satisfy myself that the expense was justified. "My orchard was planted three years ago and all trees were selected and of even age and size. The trees that were planted in blasted ground show a growth of 75 to 100 per cent, over the trees in ground not blasted. They are healthier and more satisfactory in every way, and I have no hesitation in recommending IanSFarmPowders STUMPING — AGRICULTURAL to the prospective orchard owner. I have just bought 1100 more prune trees and would not think of planting them without preparing the ground with powder. "My method is very simple and expense per tree very small. I drive a bar into the ground about four feet and explode one-half to one stick of powder in each hole. I then spade out the hole for the tree on the spot that was blasted. "Thank you for getting the three boxes of Giant Powder for me so quickly." Hundreds of fruit growers have found, like Mr. Smidt, that trees set in blasted beds grow faster and larger and bear earlier than trees set the ordinary way. These men have found also that the Giant Farm Powders— Eureka Stumping or Giant Stumping— are the proper explosives to use in tree planting. They pul- verize the soil for several feet in every direction, instead of caking and packing it. When you use the Giant Farm Powders you save money and get better results. Be sure your dealer supplies vou with the genuine Giant Powders, made especially for Pacific Coast conditions. If your dealer has only ordinary dynamites, we will see that you are supplied with the real Giant Powders. THE GIANT POWDER CO., Con., Home Office: SAN FRANCISCO "Everything for Blasting " Branch Office.: SEATTLE, SPOKANE. PORTLAND. SALT LAKE CITY. DENVER WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Get the Giant Book "Better Orchard Tillage" It contains information worth many dollars to you. It tells and shows how to prepare the soil for planting. It explains how to secure better drainage and increased moisture-storage capacity in established orchards, and how to get larger yields and save money on fertilizers. Mark and mail the coupon — or a post-card — and this valu- able book will be sent free. Do it now — before you forget it. Other illustrated books on Stump Blasting, Boulder Blasting, Sub- soil Blasting and Ditching, will also be sent on request. Free Book Coupon The Giant Powder Co., Con. San Francisco Send me your illustrated hooks on the subjects which I have marked X. ~~]stump Blasting | |lree Planting |BoulderBlasting| [uitch Blasting ^Subsoil Blasting 202 Address ■ Write below your dealer's name. Page 10 BETTER FRUIT October MYERS HYDRO - PNEUMATIC PUMPS will furnish running water for your home whether it be a palace or just the ordinary homey home — location no longer counts — Myers Pumps, many styles and sizes, hand or power, are designed for city or country residences where a private water system is desirable or necessa- ry. Used in connection with a pres- sure tank they furnish water at the turn of a faucet for - Stop lugging water buckets long enough to sit down and write us about these wonderful labor saving MYERS PUMPS. Information and catalog on request. I sm < BATHROOM^ 1.0U Better Fruit Hood River, Oregon Distribution of the Northwestern Apple Crop By E. H. Shepard, Editor Better Fruit THE series of article on Distribution that appeared in the July, August and September editions of Better Fruit have created more comment and more favorable consideration than any series of article ever published in Better Fruit since Better Fruit commenced publication in July, 1906. Some managers of selling associations feel that it is the disposition of the Editor to find fault or criticize. Such has not been and is not the intention. The sole object the Editor had in writing these articles was to state the facts as nearly as possible, believing that in so doing it would stimulate the selling concerns to a greater effort of wider distribution. Every one must admit that if the crop can be so dis- tributed so as not to congest or glut any market that a higher level of prices can be maintained and better net results obtained for the grower, and that is what the growers want. While a great number of letters of ap- preciation have been received from many fruit growers and members of the different associations, commend- ing the editor for the valuable inform- ation furnished, the first of its kind ever published by the way, and assur- ing the editor it is their opinion that this series of articles will stimulate and create a greater and a better dis- tribution of the Northwestern apple crop than we have had, the editor de- sires rather to consider in Ibis article t lie letters of criticism rather than the letters of commendation. The main criticism comes from the salesman- ager of one of the large associations, who briefly comments as follows, "in checking up the list of towns sold by his association during the past year he finds that 20 towns of over 3000 popu- lation were sold by his association that do not appear on the list, and 41 towns under 3000 were sold by his as- sociation which do not appear on the list." The editor desires to call atten- tion to this fact in connection with this criticism. The list of towns sold :is stated in the article covered the cities reported, as handling carlots di- rect, by the Northwestern Fruit Ex- change up to December 31, 1916, and the towns reported by the Fruit Grow- ers' Agency only for the months of October and November, 1916. It is true there probably was a greater dis- tribution than the list of towns indi- cated for the reason the reports from the Fruit Growers' Agency only in- cluded October and November ship- ments. It also must be borne in mind that a number of other towns may have been sold during these months where cars were diverted from their orig- inal destination to some other point which would not appear on the Fruit Growers' Agency list of towns shipped. Another point of criticism worthy of comment and one which the fruit industry should have, is this salcsmanager's statement in connec- tion with the number of towns that can be sold. He has called attention to a mailing list furnished by mailing list agency, which states there are only 7000 names of wholesale fruit dealers and jobbers with $5000 capital; and therefore there are not dealers in all of the other towns and consequently it would be impossible to do business in many of them for this reason. The salcsmanager's contention is admitted. The editor does not claim that every town or every fruit jobber in the United States can be sold. The main contention is that a greater number of towns can be sold and a greater dis- WANTF-fl T ^ e mana K ement °f an ilHIl I LU orchard, by a man with sev- eral years experience all over the North- west. Am employed at present but want to change. Best of references. T. 0., care Better Fruit. U/ANTf-il P° s ' aon as superintendent or ri nil ILL) foreman of some orchard proposition by one who is competent through a life's experience (age 44) in all phases of fruit growing. References fur- nished. Address C. H. G., care Better Fruit. Nice Bright Western Pine FRUIT BOXES AND CRATES Good standard grades. Well made. Quick shipments. Carloads or less. Get our prices. Western Pine Box Sales Co. SPOKANE, WASH. i 9 1 7 BETTER FRUIT Page r? TOWER'S FISH BRAND REFLEX SLICKER is a corker for stayihrt on the job. , FT- Waierproof Ahsoluh Satisfaction Guaranteed. t J '' L ^ DEALERS EVERYWHERE. A. J. TOWER CO. BOSTON. Money in Walnuts There's money in walnuts — more than one Northwest grower has already dis- covered it to his profit and advantage. Best nuts to plant are Genuine Vrooman Strain Franquettes Grafted on California Black Roots This superb variety is noted for its qual- ity, uniformily large size and dependable crops. Most profitable walnut yet developed. Write for quotation on any quantity. Remember — we guarantee our trees to be genuine Vrooman Strain Franquettes. Elmer Bros. Nursery 82 S. Market SAN JOSE, CAL. tribution created in selling individual dealers in small towns in carlots. The editor realizes there are thousands of dealers who could not handle carlots, and on the other hand there arc many instances in some of the small cities where if one dealer could not handle a carload, three or four dealers com- bined could. This plan has been suc- cessfully used by some of the progres- sive fruit concerns of the Northwest. Manufacturers and jobbers frequently place carloads which are divided among three or four dealers in one city. Fruit shippers can do the same where such an arrangement is advis- able. The article on Distribution of the Peach Crop of New York City is very significant in connection with the distribution of the Northwestern apple crop. This article appears else- where in this edition. Special atten- tion is called to the fact that the N't w York peach crop amounted to about 5000 cars. The record shows that 4419 cars were shipped to 339 cities. As the apple crop of the Northwest is about five times as great as the New York peach crop it would mean that the apple crop of the Northwest could reasonably be expected to cover five times as many cities as the New York peach crop, or 1695 cities and towns, and it is reasonable to assume, as peaches are a perishable commod- ity and have to be sold in a limited time, that many dealers could handle a carload of apples where they could not handle a carload of peaches. In making a comparison on the dis- tribution of the New York peach crop with the Northwestern apple crop, please bear in mind that the distribu- tion of the New York peach crop, for reasons which every fruit grower well understands, was confined principally to New York State, the New England States, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New Jersey, Maryland and Indiana, in re- ality covering approximately less than one-tenth of the area of the United States. The editor of Better Fruit does not claim to be a prophet nor to be abso- lutely correct at all times, and even if some of his contentions or opinions are incorrect, the editor believes that much good will come out of the work already done along this line if the managers and salesmanagers will only give the matter of distribution their fullest and most careful attention. The very fact that this salesmanager crit- icised this article appearing in Better Fruit and took the pains to check up his list and secure a list of the fruit jobbers with $5000 capital, indicates that he realizes the possibility of a greater distribution, and has taken the trouble to look into the matter and find out just where he is at. If other salesmanagers will do the same care- ful work as this one has done it is just this kind of work that will result in a greater distribution. Save Your Own Vegetable Seed. Home gardeners as well as truck growers who find seed of favored varieties difficult to secure or high in price would do well to save their own seed, according to the United States Department of Agriculture. The saving of seed from beans, peas, corn, peppers, okra, egg plant, squash, cu- cumbers, muskmelons and watermel- ons is very simple, the chief require- ment being to select seed from good plants. Obtaining seed from tomato, radish, lettuce, kale, collards, cab- bage, kohl-rabi, beets, carrots and mus- tard, while not so simple, is not be- yond the ability of any amateur gard- ener. A newly published Farmers' Bulletin, "Saving Vegetable Seeds for the Home and Market Garden," (No. ScS I » which will be suypplied free by the United States Department of Agri- culture, explains in delail how to gather and cure seeds commonly needed by truck growers. As it is — TRUE - that— Caro Fibre FRUIT WRAPPERS Prolong the Life -OF- Apples You who Grow Apples with great Expense should Dress them Warm and Attractively. Use Your Brains to Wrap Your Fruit. Give Your Apples a Fair Show. Get the Top Price. The Apple Buyer knows Caro Fibre — Wouldn't You Pay a little more for a box of apples if you knew that it Would Keep Longer. If Your Shipper Doesn't Use Caro Fibre Fruit Wrappers he is not giving your fruit a Fair Show Union Waxed & Parchment Paper Co. MANUFACTURERS F. B. DALLAM, Pacific Coast Representative 417 Market Street San Francisco, California Eastbound OR Westbound IF YOU'RE TICKETED OVER THE North Bank Road between Spokane and Portland, you will enjoy to the uttermost the scenic wonderland of the Cascade Range and the Colum- bia River. Water Level Grade Two Fine Observation Car Trains Daily Send for pictorial map of Columbia River. R. H. CROZIER, A. G. P. A. Portland. Oregon. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION DETTER FRUIT Page ii BETTER FRUIT October BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON Official Organ of The Northwest Fruit Growers* Association A \! >hti]v itinerated Magazine Published in the Interest of Modern Fruit Growing and Marketing All Communications Should Be Addressed and Remittance* Made Payable to Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEFARD, Editor and Publisher STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS OREGON C. I. Lewis. Horticulturist CoiralllB WASHINGTON Dr. A. L. Melander. Entomologist Pullman O. M. Morris. Horticulturist Pullman W. S. Thornber. Horticulturist Pullman COLORADO C. P. Gillette. Director and Entomologist Fort Collins E. B. House. Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering. State Agricultural College Fort Collins ARIZONA E. P. Taylor. Horticulturist Tucson WISCONSIN Dr. E. D. Ball, Director and Entomologist Madison MONTANA O. B. Whipple, Horticulturist Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W. Woodworth. Entomologist Berkeley W. H. Volck. Entomologist Watsonvllle Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist Riverside INDIANA H. S. Jackson. Pathologist Lafayette BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Wlnslow. Provincial Horticulturist Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: In the United States, $1.00 per year in advance Canada and foreign. Including postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27, 1906, at the Postoffice at Hood River, Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3. 1879. The Tenth National Apple Show will be hekl in Spokane, November 19-24th, inclusive. Just think, this is the tenth year for the National Apple Show, and it seems but a moment ago when Spo- kane startled the world with the fa- mous announcement, the first of its kind ever made, they would hold an exhibit to consist of apples in car- loads. Nothing of the kind had ever been done before. Previous to that time apples had been exhibited, as everyone knows, on plates in count? and state fairs, in a small way box ex- hibits had been made under the aus- pices of the Northwestern Fruit Grow- ers' Association, an old organization consisting of growers, fruit dealers and railroad men and everybody in- terested in the business, who held an- nual meetings successfully in Oregon, Washington and Idaho along in the winter months. Hood River had put up a small local exhibit, called the Hood River Apple Fair at which were usually exhibits from 100 to 500 boxes of apples. The National Apple Show of Spokane has done more to promote the apple industry of the Northwest and to develop it than any other sim- iliar effort. It has provided a com- mon meeting ground for growers from all over the Northwest where they have had an opportunity to see what each other was producing; how they were packing it, and a chance to learn how to do things' better. Growers universally profited from the knowl- edge gained from the splendid ex- hibits of perfectly graded and prop- erly packed fruit. In addition to this, the Apple Show always held a con- vention at which was discussed all problems pertaining to the fruit grow- ing industry — in earlier years more particularly the growing and cultural methods, and in recent years market- ing, distribution prices, advertising and transportation. The National Ap- ple Show has done more to standard- ize the Norl Invest exhibit-more to bring the growers closer together and do away with petty jealousies that ex- isted between oilier fruit districts than any other public institution of the Northwest. It is entitled to the fullest support of every fruit grower. Grow- ers should be liberal in their exhibits. No grower can afford to miss attend- ing this show — it is of real value, of real interest, and affords a pleasant diversity for the fruit grower, a nice vacation with a splendid opportunity for a little sight-seeing in the beauti- ful and attractive city of Spokane, where there are many good theatres and many other public places of en- tertainment and amusement. It must be borne in mind that Spokane is en- titled to a great deal of credit, because the Editor knows that business men of Spokane have put up for this show every year, and each year the receipts were less than the expense — the Spo- kane business men digging down in their pockets to make up the deficit. Progressive Spokane business men are willing to do this on account of the importance of the apple industry of the Northwest to business interests. In the end, Spokane will not be the loser, because Spokane will profit by the increased business of the apple growers. The prizes this year are very attractive, consisting of 93000 in cash. Exhibits will consist of equip- ment for pruning, spraying, picking, packing, etc. Every implement, and every piece of machinery used by the apple growers in their business will be on exhibit, so every fruit grower will have an opportunity to see all of the different kinds and makes and judge for himself which is the best. DON'T MISS THE APPLE SHOW. because it indicates that this man is progressive enough to check up his list and obtain a list of all the pos- sible dealers with capital large enough to justify credit. If other sales man- agers will do as much the question of distribution will be solved in the near future. Mr. G. Harold Powell, assistant to Howard Hoover, delivered a most ex- cellent address before the Interna- tional Apple Shippers' Convention on Food Conservation, which appears elsewhere in this edition. The father of G. Harold Powell had a large or- chard in New York State where Mr. Powell learned the orchard business as a boy. After attending college he specialized in horticulture, taking a position in the Department of Agri- culture, at Washington. Many fruit growers of the Northwest have met Mr. Powell, who annually makes trips to the Northwest to study conditions. Afterwards Mr. Powell became chief executive in the Department of Agri- culture, Washington, later accepting a position with the Citrus Fruit Growers' Association at the highest salary paid any sales manager by a fruit concern anywhere in the world. Mr. Powell has secured a leave of absence to do his duty to the government and prob- ably at a very small salary compared with what he is paid by the associa- tion. The Editor knows Mr. Powell intimately, having known him for many years, and recognizes him as one of the ablest men in the fruit busi- ness in America, therefore unhesitat- ingly advises everyone to read Mr. Powell's article in this edition. Comment on Distribution. — A com- ment is made by one of the sales man- agers on the articles on distribution appearing in the July edition of Ret- teb Fruit, calling attention to the fact that nineteen cars appearing on his list are not included. The Editor does not question the statement for one mo- ment and in way of explanation de- sires to say that the report only in- cluded the concerns reporting to the Fruit Growers' Agency for October and November, and the Northwestern Fruit Exchange up to December 31st. Diversions are frequently made which would not appear on the list. In towns under 3000 he claims to have sold 41 that do not appear on the list. He also calls the attention of the Editor to the fact he has obtained a list of fruit jobbers with $5000 capital, and states there are but 7000 on the list. Admitting that this is correct we have sold less than one-tenth of the num- ber. The Editor desires to express his appreciation and thanks for this com- ment, and in addition desires to com- mend this manager and to say it is the best kind of evidence in the world that the articles on distribution are proving of value to the fruit growers Distribution of the Peach Crop. — The articles appearing in July, Au- gust and September editions of Retter Fruit on the Distribution of the North- western Apple Crop have proved ex- ceedingly interesting. In this issue is published the Distribution of the Peach Crop of New York. The crop amounted to about 5000 cars, a record being obtained of 4419 cars distributed in 339 cities. The apple crop of the Northwest last year was over 20,000 cars, being distributed to a little over 600 cities and towns. If the North- western apple crop had been as well distributed as the New York peach crop they would have sold to 1600 towns. The peach crop of New York was marketed in about one-tenth of the area of United States, whereas Northwest apples are marketed over the entire United States. Peaches are limited in distribution on account of their exceedingly perishable nature and for this reason only comparatively large dealers in large cities can handle peaches in carlots. On account of the longevity of apples and splendid keep- ing qualities, much smaller cities and much smaller dealers can handle car- lots, for reason of the very long time given to dispose of a carload before it begins to show decay or become over-ripe. ip 1 7 BETTER FRUIT Page 15 Apple Prices. — There is an immense range in the price lists being sent to the trade by the different organiza- tions on some varieties of apples. For instance, Spitzenburgs, extra fancy, are being quoted at $1.65, $1.75, $1.85, $1.90, some have been sold as low as $1.50. There is also a wide range in the difference in the price of fancy compared to extra fancy — for instance, one concern (motes $1.75 for extra fancy Spitzenburgs, fancy at $1.65. Another concern quotes extra fancy $1.75, and quote fancy $1.50. One makes a difference of 10c between extra fancy and fancy. Another 25c. It would seem their idea ought to be nearer together on fancy as both agree on extra fancy. It was suggested last year that the sales managers connected with the Fruit Growers' Agency meet in conference and get each others' ideas of values. Of course, it is un- derstood they could not arbitrarily fix a price on account of the Anti-Trust laws, but it would seem they ought to become better informed and have a clearer idea of the value than is in- dicated by the great difference in prices being quoted, which range, for instance, on Spitzenburgs as already stated, for the following scale, $1.50, $1.65, $1.75, $1.80 and $1.90. Values of Apples. — The prices of ap- ples this year are considerably higher than in 1916, apparently due princi- pally to the difference in quantity this year as compared with last year. One point worthy of consideration with every fruit grower and every sales manager, and in fact every buyer as well, is that nearly every other com- modity has increased in price. All im- plements, tools and supplies cost the fruit grower a great deal more this year than last. All spray material, fer- tilizer and other materials have also increased in price. Wages have gone up — boxes have advanced, last year boxes cost 10% cents and this year 18 to 20 cents. This year growers es- timate the increased cost of apples anywhere from 25 to 40 cents per box, consequently fruit growers must get a much higher price this year for their apple crop to pay the cost of produc- tion and anything like a fair profit. Harvesting. — When the Editor was in Washington, I). C, a few years ago, he had the pleasure of being shown the hand colored paintings of apples that hail been placed on cold storage, show- ing the effect on the keep of picking at the proper time. In a word, all apples that are picked too early or too late either scald or show off-condition in a comparatively short lime after (•dining mil of cold storage. Experi- ments carried on in the Northwest, of which the Editor has seen many, all conclusively prove the same thing. The Editor of Better Fruit picked some Spitzenburgs in 1915 when the red had become a bright color and the basic color, whitish, not yellow, packed them promptly and placed them on cold storage, keeping them a year and GET THE DOPE ON THE New Myers POWER SPRAY RIGS Triplex Pump, 200 -Gallon Tank Duplex Pump, 150-Gallon Tank Send for Catalogue of Complete Line of Myers Sprayers East Morrison and East Second Streets PORTLAND, OREGON ten months in fine condition. So it be - hooves the apple grower not to pick too early or let them become too ripe, if he wants to have them in the best keeping condition and deliver them to the consumer in first-class condition. Shortage of Supplies and Equipment. — The shortage of raw materials in all lines and increasing prices, undoubt- edly will continue during the war and may continue for some time after- wards, making it important for every fruit grower to buy all articles he is going to need for the coming season at the earliest opportunity. If he does not, it is pretty certain they will be higher in price and it is quite probable if he puts it off too long he may not be able to purchase at all. A great many manufacturers have been unable to fill their orders this year on ac- count of the shortage of raw materials, consequently the fruit growers should not delay in securing such articles as I hey may require for the coming sea- son. NORTHWEST FAIR DATES ORKGON COUNTY AND LOCAL FAIRS Washington County — Forest Grove, October 2 to 5. Lane County — Eugene, October 3 to 5. Interstate Fair — Prinevillc, October 3 to 6. Local Fair — Albany, October 12 to 14. WASHINGTON COUNTY 1\!HS Klickitat County— Goldendale, October 9 to 13. IDAHO COUNTY FAIRS Minidoka County — Rupert, October 2 to i'>. Washington County — Cambridge, October 3 to :,. OTHKR F.XPOSITIONS Manufacturers 1 and Land Products Show- Poi Hand, November 3 to 24. Northwest Livestock Show — Lewiston, No- vember s to IS. Pacific National Dairy Show — Portland. No- i i ber 16 to T.:. Pacific international Livestock Show Port- land, \"\ ember 19 to 24 Dutch Bulbs for Winter Blooming 1 and Earliest Spring Flowers Hardy, Easily grown and sure) to bloom We import direct from the best growers the Inrpest, most complete stock carried on this coast, sel"rt"top-root" bu I bs of the fi nest qual- ity and our prices are low. The beet vn'ues offered any- where. Our New Autumn Catalog of Bulbs, Roses, Fruit and Ornamental Trees, erries, Vines, Ferns ami House Plants r Mailed Free on Request. Ask for Catalog No. 201 ORTLA Seevd PORTLAND, OREGON T „ AO Page 1 6 BETTER FRUIT October The Orchard Ladder of Quality must bear the name "Northwest." Thousands are sold on their merits. Ask your dealer to let you Off* r\\ it" I QrlriPr " vol,r l l l ' ;l l er "'flMl*J"* „«I«W^ Vf \~*xtf Bw\^ %-& California Playground of America Invites the world and you to come and enjoy this winter out-of-doors. Automobiling along num- berless miles of beautiful highways; golf, tennis, polo and all manner of out-door sports; places and vistas interesting and beautiful beyond compari- son or description. You must see for yourself. THE DIRECT ROUTE TO THE SUNNY SOUTHLAND IS Union Pacific System Go one way, at least, via Great Salt Lake and the Salt Lake Route through Redlands, Riverside, Pasadena and the vast ORANGE GROVES of Sunny California We will be glad to help plan your trip. Ask WM. McMURRAY, General Passenger Agent, Portland for illustrated booklets, information, etc. a peck. That same year raspberries were selling at twenty to thiry-seven cents a quart; blackberries were bring- ing seventeen to twenty. Now as to apples: the average prices in the period 1831 to 1840 were some- what below those of recent years. Sunn- three or four years ago Mr. H. lication, worked out the average wholesale prices of apples in New Yoik from 1893 to 1913. Though these figures are not strictly compar- able with tbc Boston prices for the earlier period, we have utilized some of them in an interesting table or two. Then, ;is now, Baldwin constituted the B. Knapp, in a Cornell University pub- bulk of the apple trade. In Table I. the average prices, month by month, for the earlier and later periods are compared: TABLE I.— AVERAGE PRICE OF BALDWIN APPLES. 1834-46 1893-1903 1903-13 September $1.93 51.75 J2.08 October 2.09 1.85 2.16 November 2.2:, 2.39 December 2.43 2.61 2.54 January 2.:.T 2.75 2.80 Pebruarj 2.::. 3.03 3.19 March 2.89 3.15 3.40 April 3.54 3.45 3.64 May l.i I 3.56 l. H7 June 5.00 3.57 4.03 These figures show, for that part of tlic season when trading is most ac- tive, a fairly uniform advance in price, though the falling off in May and June is noteworthy. This may be Page t8 BETTER FRUIT October Denney & Co. CHICAGO Specialize in Box Apples and Other Western Fruits WE'RE READY TO TALK BUSINESS WITH THOSE HAVING GOOD FRUIT Write or wire us what you have to offer Steel Box Strapping Used in connection with metal seals consists of encircling a package with a metal strap, draw- ing the strap very tight and interlocking the overlapping strap - ends within a metal sleeve (SIGNODE) in such a manner that the joint has a greater tensilestrength than the strap itself. Nails, rivets and buck- les, with their attendant objections, are entirely eliminated. Write for Catalog Acme Strapping packed in bbls. of about 500 lbs. or larger pkgs. Metal Seals packed in cartons containing 2,000-2,500 seals. ACME STEEL GOODS CO. MFRS. Factory: 2840 Archer Ave., Chicago 311 California St., San Francisco due to cold storage making a greater supply available for these months or il may be due lo increased competition with other fruits. In Table II. all varieties are aver- aged together. This is hardly an ap- proved statistical method, since Bald- win should be weighted more heavily in such a table than a less common variety, like Spitzenburg, but since no figures as to amounts of sales were available, all were averaged in alike. TABLE II.— ALL VARIETIES, BY MONTHS. 1834-46 1893-1913 August J2.11 $2.27 September 1.86 2.32 October 2.08 2.11 November 2.2:: 2.6fi December 2.31 2.81 January 2.39 2.91 February 2.49 3.26 March 2.:>8 3.35 April 2.77 3.56 May 3.31 :;.7l June 3.67 3.70 Both tables indicate a slight increase in the price of apples. Measured in terms of other commodities, however, the rise is slight indeed. On the other hand, considering the vastly increased production and use of other fruits, the apple shows a surprising ability to hold its own. Apples and lemons seem to be the only fruits to show any well-marked advance in price in sev- enty or eighty years; the lemon alone shows a sharp advance. The conclusion seems inevitable then, that fruits are cheaper, relatively and actually, than when our great- grandparents went shopping. To that extent the consumer is better off now than he was in the "good old days." Tenth National Apple Show By Ren H. Rice, Spokane, Washington. SPOKANE is preparing to stage the Tenth National Apple Show in that city November 19 to 24 inclusive. Pre- liminary plans and purposes have been announced, indicating that the exposition, while steadfastly carrying forward its original purposes of fos- tering and emphasizing the import- ance of the apple as a food product, will take on new lines of endeavor which are peculiarly appropriate to the spirit of the times. With the nation engaged in a long struggle re- quiring the utmost in food saving, the Apple Show trustees have quite prop- erly announced that the dominant fea- ture of the show this year will be con- servation of the apple, augmented by patriotic features calculated to inspire recruiting and aid the government in its various phases of war preparation. The show will be held on the grounds adjoining the Union Pacific- Milwaukee depot, which location has been found so admirably suitable c In ring the past three shows. The af- fair is being directed by thirty-five business and professional men, aided and advised by fifty practical grow- ers and shippers from Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana. Jake Hill, proprietor of the Hill Shoe Company, is president of the National Apple Show. He has been a resident of the Northwest nearly all his life, and has been identified with many movements WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT igi-j- BETTER FRUIT Page ip J. & H.GOODWIN, LTD. Apple Exporters and Commission Merchants Offices: London, Liverpool, Manchester and Hull, England New York, Boston; also Maine, Virginia and California Address Correspondence: 60 State St., Boston, Mass. LADDtflLTONI 1 • BANK • This Pioneer Bank invites you to make this your banking home Successful People never spend all they earn. They save not occasionally but regularly. Start a savings account now or add to your savings account regularly from now on. It will give you a new lease on life. LADD & TILTON BANK PORTLAND, OREGON East yia California Most enjoyable route. Beautiful moun- tain scenery. Liberal stopovers. See San Francisco, Los Angeles, Apache Trail, El Paso, New Orleans. Three daily trains from Portland connect- ing at San Francisco for the South and East. First and second class sleeping cars. Unexcelled Dining Car Service. Ask your local agent for tickets and booklets descriptive of this wonderful trip. John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon Southern Pacific Lines for the advancement of the Inland Em- pire interests. In assuming the presi- dency of the Apple Show, he made the one stipulation that the exposition should be primarily one to exploit the apple, and that its leading features should be approved by the men who know the apple business and who re- alize its importance to the Northwest. President Hill promises plenty of amusement features and liberal enter- tainment programs, but he wisely in- sists that first, last and always this shall be an Apple show. Since the first National Apple Show was horn in Spokane in 1908, it has been a big factor, if not the biggest factor, in drawing the world's atten- tion to the wonderful adaptability of the Northwest to the production of the apple. At first the show was held largely to advertise this fruit and to encourage its consumption. This was during the time of the big carload dis- plays, a feature which has never been attempted by any other apple exposi- tion. Along with the advertising came the conventions of fruit growers and fruit shippers who annually have met for the exchange of ideas and who have constantly labored for a higher standard of commercial apple grow- ing, until now the Northwest virtually sets the pace for the entire country in fruit excellence. This feature alone has made the National Apple Show in- valuable. Marketing problems have grown even as the apple orchards have in- creased. They are far from solution yet but recent years have proven the futility of several marketing attempts, while at the same time they have proven the value of others. The ideal method is yet to be evolved and the annual conferences at the National Apple Show are most helpful in this respect. The National Apple Show has al- ways been a money loser. The people of Spokane expect it always will be. No such an exposition can be held on so big a scale, give the prizes which it does to stimulate competition and fur- nish such big entertainment programs without being conducted at a loss, be- cause it is impossible to charge an ad- mission price which will bring suf- ficient return to meet receipts and be within reach of the general pubic. But the people of Spokane believe the Ap- ple Show is a big advertising asset to the community and they realize that it brings much business to the city, indirectly making returns for the money they cheerfully put up each year. Consequently they are backing the Tenth National Apple Show with the same optimistic spirit that has characterized the nine previous ex- hibitions. WITTEKcro-Oil ENGINES. Immediate Shipment 1 Direct. from Factory — SAVE $15 TO $200- Simple in i construction, strong and powerful, few working parts—easy to understand, easy to operate, easy to own. Buy practically on your own terms- Cash, Payments or No Money Down. 90-Day Trial— 6 Xear Guarantee. Writo for latest priccH.-ED.^l. WITTE. WITTE ENGINE WORKS 1887 Oakland Ava., KansaaClty. Mo.1 IH47 Empire Btdt- PlLtsburgrt, Pa. TTHEf ORIGINAL /^| CHEMICAL* Indoor Closet 30,000 SOLO-FIFTH YEAR More Comfortable. Healthful, Convenient Eliminates tho out- house, open vault aiul cess pool, which are breeding places for germs. Have a warm, sanitary, odorless toilet right i a your house. No going oat in 'cold weather. A boon to invalids. Endorsed by State Boards of Health. ABSOLUTELY ODORLESS Put It Anywhere In Tho House The germs are killed by a chemical process in water In the container. Empty onoea month. No more trouble to empty than *&h>-». Ploset ah- solutelv guaranteed. Guarantee on file In the office ofthls publication. Aak for catalog and price R0WE SANITARY MFG. CO. 1410 6ih ST., DETROIT, A«k about tba Bo-San Wa«hnUnd— Hot and Gold MICH. Running Wnlur Without I'luml.lng • WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 20 WONDERFUL EGG PRODUCER Any poultry raiser can easily double his profits by doubling the egg production of his hens. A scientific tonic has been discovered that revitalizes the flock and makes hens work all the time. The tonic is called "MORE EGGS Tf Giveyourhens a few cents' worth of "More Eggs and you will be amazed and delighted with results. A dollar's worth of "More Eggs" will doube this year's production of eggs, so if you wish to try this great profit maker, write E. J. REEFER, Poultry Expert 3897 Reefer Building KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI who will send you a season's supply of "More Eggs" Tonic for $1.00 (prepaid). So confident is Mr. Reefer of results that a million-dollar bank guarantees if you are not satisfied your dollar will be returned on request and the "More Eggs" costs you nothing. _ Send a dollar todav, or ask Mr. Reefer for his FREE Poultry Book that tells the experience of a man who has made a fortune out of poultry. y ea°r u n can $50.00 ^ WITH THE Gearless Improved Standard Well Drilling Machine Drills through any formation. Five years ahead of any other. Has record of drilling 130 feet and driving casing in 9 hours. Another record where 70 feet was drilled on 2% gallons distillate at 9c per gallon. One man can operate. Electrically equipped for running nights. Fishing job. Engine ignition. Catalogue W-8. REIERSON MACHINERY CO.. Mfg., 1295-97 Hood St.. Portland, Ore. BETTER FRUIT classes. It would take some matema- tician to figure out just how much money the individual grower can win if he is lucky enough to carry off the blue ribbon in several of these com- petitions. Originators of slogans and creators of brilliant advertising ideas are to have special recognition this year. Six separate prizes are offered by the North Pacific Fruit Distributors and their affiliated shippers to stimulate gray matter fertility. Ten boxes of extra fancy apples, delivered to the home of the winner, will be given for the best slogan urging the use of apples during the war period. Com- petition in this event is open to the world and nobody barred from mak- ing any number of entries. Five other prizes are offered for ideas as follows: Five boxes of "Blue W" apples, furnished by the Wen- atchee-North Central Fruit Distribu- tors, for the best 250-word article on the subjejet, "Wheatless and Meatless Days Made Easy." Five boxes of "Blue I-O" apples, furnished by the Idaho-Oregon Fruit Growers' Associa- tion, for the best 250-word article on "Apples as Mr. Hoover's Ally." Five An attractive list of prizes has been issued, with some sweepstakes and championships which should appeal strongly to the growers. For instance, in the five-box competition there are fif- teen separate contests, ranging from Ar- kansas Black to Yellow Newtown. The best five boxes in each of the fifteen lots will draw $25 in gold; the second, $10, and the third $7.50, and besides each and every entry competing in the fifteen contests will be eligible for a sweepstakes of $100 additional. This means that the winner of the five-box contest on Grimes Golden, for ex- ample, will get $25 and, without mak- ing any additional entry, he stands a chance of winning $100 additional. Virtually the same proposal applies to the three-box contest, in which there are 20 varieties open, with a first-class prize of $15, a second of $10 and a third of $5, and a $75 King Pip Sweepstakes for the best of all entries in the 20 varieties and no special en- try required, all three-box exhibits competing. In a single box contest the lucky first prize winner will be given $7.50, the second $5 and the third $2.50, and all of the entries stand a chance for the $50 grand championship prize of- fered, as the trustees say, "for the best single box of apples in the world." There are 22 varities in which entries can be made, and in addition to these any exhibitor in the five-box or three- box contest may designate any one of his boxes in those exhibits to compete also in the single box division. Just to sweeten things a little more, the show offers $25 additional to the exhibitor who has the largest number of boxes of apples which win prizes in the one, three and five box classes. As a sister prize another $25 is offered to the exhibitor who has the largest number of entries in these three October boxes of extra fancy apples, furnished by the Western Oregon Fruit Distribu- tors, for the best 250-word article on "Apples the Wasteless Food." Five boxes of "Blue M" apples, furnished by Montana Fruit Distributors, for best 250-word article on "Apples as a Part of a Well-Balanced Ration." Five boxes of "Blue Selah" Yakima apples, furnished by Selah Fruit Distributors, for best 250-word article on "Apple Consumption a Patriotic Duty." General district displays are encour- aged by the offering of $125 first prize and a Gold Medal Banner, with $75 and Silver Medal Banner for second prize, and $50 third prize. The con- test is open to commercial clubs, asso- ciations, unions, counties, or districts (not by individuals). Novelty feature exhibits are sought for with prizes of $125, $75 and $50 for first, second and third prize win- ners. This contest will be open to commercial organizations, community and fruit growers' organizations and individuals. James A. Ford, secretary of the Spo- kane Chamber of Commerce, is the business manager of the show. MONTHLY CROP REPORT. ESTIMATED APPLE CROP CONDITIONS SEPTEMBER 1, 1917, WITH COMPARISONS. Condition Sept. 1. Forecast 1917 from condition. December estimate, 1916. 10-year Commer- Conimcr- STATE 1917. aver- Total Total cial Total. cial. age. Sept. 1. Aug. 1. Sept. 1. Pet. Pet. Bushels Bushels Barrels Bushels Barrels Maine 56 59 4,460,000 4,630,000 818,000 5,040,000 941,000 New Hampshire.. 52 61 1,170,000 1,350,000 175,000 1,596,000 250,000 Vermont .... 45 60 1,654,000 2,064,000 220,000 3,312,000 497,000 Massachusetts.... 52 65 2,343,000 2,623,000 359,000 3,450,000 517,000 Rhode Island 45 64 196,000 263,000 9,000 261,000 13,000 Connecticut 47 65 1,328,000 1,512,000 110,000 1,830,000 153,000 New York 31 55 18,445,000 22,186,000 3,075,000 37,800,000 6,930,000 New Jersey 55 61 1,977,000 1,977,000 363,000 2,250,000 413,000 Pennsylvania ... 57 58 12,690,000 14,310,000 1,269,000 18,621,000 1,862,000 Delaware 72 58 438,000 436,000 80,000 249,000 37,000 Maryland 62 62 2,610,000 2,610,000 365,000 2,544,000 297,000 Virginia ' ... 53 60 10,335,000 10,725,000 1,515,000 13,299,000 1,995,000 West Virginia .... 43 56 5,728,000 5,861,000 764,000 10,032,000 1,271,000 North Carolina 65 59 6,669,000 6,669,000 489,000 7,071,000 637,000 South Carolina... 82 55 849,000 859,000 5,000 588,000 4,000 Georgia . . 72 57 1,741,000 1,687,000 192,000 1,623,000 157,000 Ohio 38 47 7,367,000 8,724,000 736,000 8,601,0(111 860,000 Indiana 54 48 5,775,000 6,076.000 520,000 3,921,000 261,000 Illinois 64 42 8,294,000 8,233,000 968,000 4,818,000 566,000 Michigan'.'!;.'!... 32 53 6,470,000 8,803,000 820,000 12,180,000 1,414,000 Wisconsin 54 59 2,479,000 3.305,000 115,000 2,634,000 105,000 Minnesota 70 63 1,386,000 1,426.000 46,000 1,266,000 42.000 IovV a 58 49 5,963,000 6,169,000 198,000 4,725,000 110.000 Missouri'' 57 45 12,825,000 11,886,000 1,197,000 8,100,000 675,000 South Dakota .... 72 63 330,000 367,000 4,000 348,000 5,000 Nebraska . 64 50 2,146,000 2,436,000 163,000 1,701,000 142,000 Kansas 42 43 3,024,000 2,957,000 252,000 3,120,000 208,000 Kentucky 64 54 8,486,000 8,619,000 424,000 6,441,000 215,000 Tennessee".'.'.'.'... 51 53 5,118,000 5,018.0110 205,000 5.316,000 177,000 Alabama 67 52 1,411,000 1,390,0110 24,000 1,110,000 19,000 Mississippi .. 59 50 , 116,000 374,000 7,000 348,000 6,000 Texas 55 58 108 000 414,000 13,000 168.000 20.000 Oklahoma .'. 66 54 1,62-1. one 1,495,000 53,000 825,000 27,000 Arkansas 67 52 1,1 16.000 4,140,000 816,000 2,950,000 590,000 Momana .....::.: 65 78 897,000 925,000 135,000 708,000 102,000 Colorado 74 58 3,774,000 4,013,000 628,000 2,205,000 367.000 New Mexico .. 58 63 635, I 6)6,0110 127,000 357,000 59,000 Arizona 65 75 129, 129,000 16,000 138,000 17,000 Utah 90 07 S10.000 810,000 135,000 99,000 3,000 Nevada".! 83 64 194,000 216,00(1 2,000 48,000 Idnno 93 72 2.092,000 2,025,000 246,000 111,000 15.000 Washington' 84 78 13 435,000 3,583,000 13,825,000 3,467.000 Oreaon 66 76 3 322 000 3,329,000 388,000 3,855,000 514,000 California' ....... 83 79 sjsSS.OOO 5,515,000 1,210,000 5,754,000 1,247,00 Dnlted States.. 5l7l 5373 177,157,000 187,743,000 21,315,000 202,245,000 25,695,000 ig J 7 BETTER FRUIT Page 21 Food Administration, Etc. Continued from page 5. ducer, the distributor, the consumer and the government it is entirely pos- sible to give the producer a good price for his product, the distributor a rea- sonable return for the service which he performs and the consumer his supply at a fair cost. It is in this spirit of confidence and co-operation that I represent Mr. Hoover, the United States Food Administrator. Food Administration Will Encourage a Greater Use of Perishables. In the readjustment of the world's food supply, perishable foods are sud- denly thrown into national promi- nence. This, therefore, is the greatest opportunity for development that has ever been presented to the perishable food industries. Their increased use and substitution for other foods will liberate an exportable surplus of the more concentrated foods for our Allies. Therefore, the Food Admini- stration will encourage a greater con- sumption of perishable products such as fruits, vegetables, fish, poultry and eggs, as a means of sending our Allies more of the foods they must have to maintain their people at home and their armies in the field. The Food Administration will sup- plement the very efficient work of the Department of Agriculture, encourag- ing a better handling of perishable products in harvesting, in preparing them for market, transportation, stor- age, in the market, and in the house- hold in order that the enormous waste that annually occurs from bad hand- ling may be greatly reduced. Fre- quently one-half or more of a perish- able crop is lost by careless handling. The industries interested will, of course, need to work this problem out in a practical way. It cannot be done by discussion or the passing of reso- lutions. The Food Administration will en- courage organization among producers in order that the products of the farm may be shipped in standard packages, standard grades and in carload quan- tities. Only in this way can an equit- able distribution of farm crops be effected. Organization among pro- ducers is fundamental in intelligent, economical marketing. Otherwise, dis- tribution will be chaotic and costly to the producer and consumer alike, and frequently disastrous to the distrib- utor. The responsibility in taking this step is the farmer's responsibility. Unless he organizes to help himself no one else can solve his problem for him. Xor can the consumer's problem be met unless farm crops are standard- ized and merchandised either by the producers or by the distributor in quantity. The Food Administration will co- operate with the Bureau of Markets, through relations which it will de- velop with the organized perishable industries, in making its market news service more useful to the producer, the distributor, and to the consumer. Fruit Labels When packed in a plain box or crate, fruit is fruit. It does not mean apples or other fruit until you label it properly —and just as good clothes make a favorable impression — give distinction— so well designed and printed labels dress your package, appeal to the eye and help the sale. Our Lithographed Labels will advertise your brand and help the dealer sell your apples. THE UNITED STATES PUG & LITHOGRAPH CO. 901 Hoge Building, Seattle, Washington 1 1 2 Market Street, San Francisco, California RHODES DOUBLE CUT .PRUNING SH RHODES MFG. 520 s. DIVISION AVE., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. THE only pruner made that cuts from both sides of the limb and does not bruise the bark. Made in alt styles and sizes. All shears delivered free to your door. Write for circular and prices. OUR 1917 CLUBBING OFFER Better Fruit offers the following clubbing lists to its subscribers. If any of our subscribers desire different clubbing arrangements we shall be pleased to quote them from this office. Western Farmer Country Boy Better Fruit . . . .$1.00 1.00 Total .¥2.25 All for 1.25 Girls' Companion. . . . Boys' Companion Today's Housewife . , Better Fruit , .S0..MI . .5(1 .75 . 1.00 Hoard's Dairyman. Better Fruit .S1.00 . 1.00 Total !?2.00 All for 1.30 Total $2.75 All for 1.50 Twice-a-Week Spokesman- Review $1.00 Mothers' .Magazine 1.50 Better Fruit 1.00 Total $3^50 All for 2.00 Western Farmer $1.00 Today's Housewife 75 Hitter Fruit 1 .00 Total All for 1.50 Weeklj Oregonian $1.00 Betteb Fruit , 1.00 Total *2.00 All for 1.25 Delineator $1.50 Better Fruit 1-00 Total *2.5o All for 1.80 Rural Spirit $1.00 McCall's Magazine 75 Better Fruit 1-00 Total $2.75 All for 1.50 WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 22 BETTER FRUIT ( )ctober Q THE COOP OUDQE VISITS ABwy HEAC QUARTERS. ) { COLONEL. HOVV l_ f IS YOUR REGIMENT j TO ■ DAY 7 — | FINE. GENERAL BUT you KNOW THE BOys l„ , ..RANKS ARE WANTING W-B CUT-THAT REAL TOBACCO CHEW c nthe] tEALT GOOD TOBACCO *— |THE SOLDIER I COMFORTE OIS 1 YVfHEN you trim your outfit down to military * " bedrock, W-B Gut Chewing scores a bull's- eye. A soldier gets more from his pouch of W-B than from a bulky ordinary plug—rich leaf plump full of sap, all tobacco satisfaction, every shred of it. And the water-proof pouch keeps it clean and fresh in the pocket of his khaki. Made by V/EYMAN-BRUTON COMPANY, 1107 Eroadway, New YoA City The modem fireside PERFECTION OIL HEATER WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT II will co-operate with the railroads in securing the most efficient types of cars anil an adequate supply in order I hat our perishables may be more safely, widely and economically dis- tributed; it will encourage the storage of seasonable perishable products, such as apples, because the Food Ad- ministration recognizes the vitally necessary place which storage plays in the preservation of perishable foods and in equalizing their distribution throughout the year; it will encourage the development of the most desirable terminal facilities in order that the cost of inadequate distributing facili- ties may not unnecessarily burden the producer and the consumer; and it will promote those fundamental prin- ciples of merchandising by the whole- sale and retail trade which results in a wide distribution, an increased busi- ness, quick sales at a reasonable profit per turn over and a continuous supply of fresh, appetizing food for the con- sumer. The encouragement of a greater con- sumption of perishable foods presents an unusual opportunity to those who are engaged in the growing and dis- tributing of perishable products, and by enlarging the perishable food busi- ness the war food problem for our Allies and for America can be more easily solved. We are, therefore, firm in the conviction that there will be a mutual co-operation and a mutual un- derstanding of the aims of the Food Administration and of the perishable industries, the aim being to increase their consumption, eliminate the waste from bad handling, distribute them as directly as possible from the producer to the consumer at the least possible cost to both, with a reasonable com- pensation for the distributing services. To capitalize this unusual opportunity for self-interest, by unnecessary spec- ulation, by storage beyond the reason- able requirements of the merchant for the purpose of distributing a seasonal surplus over the year; to restrict the supply that should be liberated from week to week; or to enhance or di- minish the price or to exact excessive prices; to limit the facilities for stor- ing; to attempt to monopolize; to wil- fully destroy a perishable for the pur- pose of enhancing the price or re- stricting the trade supply or wilfully to permit preventable deterioration — these practices should make a mer- chant an outcast among his business associates, because the man who cap- italizes patriotism for his personal ends cannot be trusted to uphold the interests of America and her Allies wherever his personal interest is in- volved. I would, therefore, confidently ex- pect that such organizations as the International Apple Shippers' Associa- tion, the National League of Commis- sion Merchants, the Western Fruit Job- bers' Association and other regional or national trade organizations will stand shoulder to shoulder with the Food Administration in creating a patriotic sentiment among their members that will automatically regulate and con- ipl/ BETTER FRUIT Page 23 trol any abuses that might creep into the distributing system without the necessity of regulation and control through the law. If that sentiment is fostered and given definite direc- tion by such organizations as the In- ternational Apple Shippers' Associa- tion in co-operation with the Food Ad- ministration, the food control problem of America will be greatly simplified. Problem Suggested for Definite Consid- eration by Apple Distributors as an Aid to the War Food Problem. I would suggest that this organiza- tion give definite consideration to the following problems in handling the apple crop this year: (1) The reduction of waste from bad handling in harvesting the crop and in preparing it for market in co- operation with the State and Federal Departments of Agriculture. (2) The storing of apples in the quickest possible time after harvesting to prevent deterioration from decay and ripening. (3) A close co-operation with the Bureau of Markets and Food Admini- stration in order to effect an equitable distribution of the crop both for im- mediate sale and for storage purposes, to prevent temporary gluts, short sup- plies and fluctuating prices. (4) The equitable distribution of the storage stocks monthly throughout the year, taken as a whole, and by in- dividual dealers, taking the condition of the fruit and the varieties into ac- count, in order to eliminate specula- tion of an undesirable character. This should be done in co-operation with the Bureau of Markets and the Food Administration. (5) The direct sale by the whole- sale dealer to the jobber or retailer and by the jobber to the retail trade or by the auction mthod to the job- bing or retail trade and the elimina- tion of trading in storage stocks be- tween dealers of the same class, ex- cept for actual trade requirements, i. e., the reduction of the number of transfers between the producer and consumer to the smallest possible num- ber. (6) The handling of apples on reasonable margins by the wholesale and retail trade in order that exces- sive margins may not lessen consump- tion and restrict the markets; the mar- gin of the wholesale and retail trade to parallel their purchase price, in- cluding a fair and not excessive profit. (7) A definite, well directed cam- paign in co-operation with other trade organizations and with the Food Ad- ministration to establish fruit and vegetable departments in the grocery and special food stores throughout the country, as a means of wider distribu- tion. Make the campaign a definite business-getting one on the basis of new opportunities. From the retail standpoint the opportunities are ex- ceptional because the loss in the sale of dry groceries can only be met by pushing the sale of perishables. The consumer is asking what to buy in Do You Want to Sell for Spot Cash— F. 0. B. Loading Station? Did it ever occur to you that the Cash Buyer's salary and expenses come out of you? Well, they do— you will (as a rule) get a lower price than if you were to keep in touch with the markets and sell direct to reliable dealers in the highest market. Ever figure it out? Well, you can generally get anywhere from 10 to 25 cents a box more by selling direct. Watch the market, and judge for yourself. Sell by wire. 10 cents more per box on a minimum car of 630 boxes would give you $63.00 more per car profit— on 10 cars $630.00— on 20 cars $1,260.00, and so on. In this year of unusually high prices, don't make the mis- take of being satisfied with what may look like a high price to you -GET THE LAST CENT POSSIBLE OUT OF YOUR SHIPMENTS! Afraid to ship direct? Why? Because you may get into the hands of a Receiver who is a "kicker," "rejector," or "rebater." Don't let that bother you any more! Get the BLUE BOOK and see who they are! There are plenty of reliable Commission Merchants and Jobbers who will be glad to purchase by wire, or send their buyer if you prefer, but you can't expect them to pay as much when they do so. Want to know just how the BLUE BOOK will enable you to make this additional profit? Write Produce Reporter Company CHICAGO Pittsburgh Perfect Cement CO&tCCl NSJlS are of the highest standard The Heads don't come off. Given Preference by Largest Pacific Coast Packers MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY PITTSBURGH STEEL, COMPANY, Pittsburgh. Pa. A. C. RULOFSON COMPANY, Pacific Coast Agents 359 Monadnock Building, San Francisco, California Power Drag Saw does theWorK of 10 Men IVice ^Complete 145.£g One man can move machine from, cut to cut on log. Two men can carry it. Cuts through 3!4 foot log in three minutes. Approxi- mately 25 cords a day. 4 H. 1*. gasoline engine warranted. Steel wheel cart $10.00 Send for catalogue. manufactured by REIERSON MACHINERY CO. 1292 HOOD STREET. PORTLAND. OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 24 BETTER FRUIT October U PONT AMERICAN 3f'4DUSTRSESl ^\ tf BB HI RB Kr A ^ America Must Feed the World Europe is hungry. Ground, once farms, is now a raging battlefield. Women and children are starving. Millions of mouths cry out for food. The loss of each food ship is a tragedy. But the idle acres of America could grow more food per year than all of the enemy's ships can destroy. Every Idle Acre Helps the Enemy Hinder rations and you hinder victory. Other ships and more food must take the place of those destroyed. Clear Plow — Plant Remove the stumps and boulders-drain the swampy places. Culti- vate every available acre of land. Bumper crops are essential. Don't let labor shortage hinder you. (QjPDNT) and Repauno Stumping Powders will help one man do the work of many men — cheaper — better — quicker. GET OUR BIG BOOK FREE Learn the secret of easy clearing and drainage — the quick way — the labor saving way. Let bigger, better, heavier crops be your slogan. Write now for your copy of Developing Logged-Off Lands E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY SEATTLE, WASH. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. mm ^IIII11^Il lll<>iIllE>lllllE>llll^lIlll-u'll ft w& ■s/a 5 va K» A ZSK S525 ■////. was iT'TM A T TTV p'us experience al- IUAxIINAIjII I ways excels imita- tion. Imitation's highest hope is. to sometime (not now) equal Pearson — meantime you play safe. Richey& Gilbert Co. H.M.GILBERT.Presidentand Manager Growers and Shippers of Yakima Valley Fruits and Produce SPECIALTIES: Apples, Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON A I L First National Bank HOOD RIVER, OREGON A. D. MOE - - President E. O. BLANCHAR - Cashier Capital and Surplus $125,000 Assets Over $500,000 Member Federal Reserve System Western Cement Coated Nails for Western Growers Our Cement Coated Nails are always of uniform length, gauge, head and count. Especially adapted to the manufacture of fruit boxes and crates. In brief, they are the Best on the Market. Write for Growers' testimonials. Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. DENVER, COLORADO Pacific Coast Sales Offices Portland, Spokane, San Francisco Los Angeles AFTER use of C. F. & I. Co.' 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Oregon. £oOKA/Vf PORTLAND ITHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING The Pruning of Stone Fruit Trees OF all phases of orchard work, none is more interesting than pruning; and of all pruning, none is more fascinating than the pruning of those trees commonly known as stone fruits. It is safe to say that no class of fruit trees suffers more quickly from improper pruning, and none responds more promptly to proper treatment. Probably it is this ready response, a response which so clearly indicates whether the pruning has been right or wrong, that makes the work interest- ing. We are able to see results and to intelligently reason out causes for suc- cess or failure, before we have forgot- ten how the pruning was done. How- ever, the subject is a large one, and I feel it would be a mistake to attempt, in the time at our disposal, to cover the entire field. The ideas advanced are based upon personal observations and experience in pruning apricots, sweet and sour cherries, nectarines, peaches and plums; and, while of a general nature, and though to some of you they may seem far-fetched, I hope we may be able to get at some of the fundamental prin- ciples to be observed in pruning these plants. In the case of each fruit, or at least the more important ones of this class, I shall attempt to answer three questions: Where does the plant bear its fruit? What are the most desirable types of fruiting wood? And how can we best maintain these desirable types? To some this may seem an unusual man- ner of attacking the subject of pruning, yet I feel that these are things we must know if we are to prune intelligently. In other words, that the principles in- volved are important ones and that sys- tems of pruning are largely dictated by the fruit-bearing habit of the plant. The Nature Study idea has in recent years been much talked of in educa- tional circles. Probably nature study in its truest sense was designed for children, but many of w-e older people might profit had our faculties for ob- servation been quickened by such study. Did it ever occur to you that so much of our education is gained through ob- servation? And do you realize that most of us are such poor observers that two or three good educations might be overlooked in a lifetime? The doctor who is a leader in his profession is not necessarily the man who graduated at the head of his class. More likely he is the one who has done most to edu- cate himself. Such education has been acquired by accurate observation, and the opportunities for observation were afforded by his practice. We are accus- tomed to class such training as expe- rience, but I fail to see why such an By 0. B. Whipple, Bozeman, Montana important part of one's education should receive this commonplace classi- fication. "What I have to say to you, you may call nature study if you like; I shall not feel insulted. But how many are able to answer such questions as these? How many flowers will a single fruit- bud of the peach, plum or cherry de- velop? Does the fruit-bud of the peach, cherry or plum produce leaves as well as flowers? Where do these fruits really bear their fruit-buds? Yet the information is important if we are to be good pruners. The moral is, we should all be better observers. Anyone who has had any great amount of experience in pruning our common fruit trees realizes that these trees bear their fruit in certain posi- tions, each kind of fruit tree having a fruit-bearing habit more or less of its own. Possibly we have not stopped to think that many other plants, grown for flowers for instance, have their flower- bearing habit which must be consid- ered in pruning. The rose bears its flowers from certain types of wood and the gardener has learned to regulate flower-bearing by thinning to a certain amount of this wood. However, a sys- tem of pruning, such as is commonly practiced in pruning the rose, would leave a lilac bush without a flower. Even the cucumber and the canteloupe have a regular habit of bearing fruit. The pistilate flowers which develop into fruits appear in certain places, while the staminate flowers occupy all other positions where flowers are nor- mally borne. On the first main vine the first pistilate flower is generally well out in the axil of say the sixth, seventh or eighth leaf. On the branch vines a pistilate flower appears in the axil of the first leaf. This branch then commonly grows for some distance be- fore it bears another pistilate flower. If, however, another branch vine arises from this, the first flower is a pistilate flower and it appears in the axil of the first leaf. In these curcurbits, early setting of fruit may be induced by such pruning as encourages early branching. The gain is not so much in production as in securing an early set of fruit, and consequently the ripening of the nop over a shorter season. Among our common deciduous fruit trees, we have two types of fruit-bear- ing— from axillary buds and from true terminal buds. The axillary buds are borne in the axils of leaves along the side of the branch, and the terminal hods at the tip of the shoot or branch. When applied to buds the last term is confusing, for we must remember thai not every bud terminating the growth of the season is a true terminal bud. In the case of many of the plums and the apricot, the last bud, in fact all buds, are axillary. Each is developed in the axil of a single leaf, while the true terminal bud is usually subtended by two leaves, one on either side of the stem. The plant which bears its fruit from the axillary buds is naturally more productive than the one that bears only from terminal buds. One can see at a glance that a tree bears many more axillary than terminal buds. The stone fruits as a class bear from axillary fruit-buds, and we recognize them as more fruitful than apples and pears, which bear mostly from terminal buds. For this reason, the stone fruits require more vigorous pruning. But a fruit- bearing habit may mean more than bearing from axillary or terminal fruit- buds. These axillary fruit-buds may appear on certain types of wood, or those on certain types of branches may be more desirable. While all stone fruits bear from axillary buds, each has a fruit-bearing habit more or less pe- culiar to itself, and the pruning of each must be considered separately. The sweet cherry bears most of its fruit-buds axillary on short spurs. Each bud may produce from one to five or more flowers, but, if any at all, only rudimentary leaves. These spurs are always provided with a terminal branch bud which continues the growth of the spur in a straight line. The rate of growth will vary according to how well the trees are pruned. Spurs on poorly-pruned trees may not grow over a quarter of an inch, and under such conditions of growth are inclined to bear only alternate years. The tree in- sufficiently pruned bears so many of these spurs that during seasons when they are developing fruit, they cannot obtain enough food material to develop lateral fruit-buds. They simply mature a terminal branch bud which unfolds the following spring, and, under favor- able conditions, produces new growth long enough and strong enough to bear lateral fruit-buds. The most desirable type of sweet cherry fruit spur is one that grows at least three-quarters of an inch per year. Those that grow this much will produce annual crops of vigorous blossoms and large fruit. Spurs max live and produce fruit lor many years, but it is a question if it is wise io depend upon old spurs. It is better to prune the tree enough to secure each year some new growths from lour to twelve inches long. Such twigs are found in the lops of trees p I> pruned, but they can only be developed throughout the entire tree by vigorous pinning both in the way of Page 6 BETTER FRUIT \ ovember thinning-oul and heading-in. These new twigs will bear a few lateral fruit- buds near tbe base, while those nearer the tips will be branch buds. These branch buds will develop into vigorous and productive young fruit spurs. If the new growths are long and produce many lateral buds, it is best to reduce the number of branch buds to live or si\ by cutting off the tips during the dormant pruning season. If many buds are left, the resulting spurs will be weak and the best ones will be too far removed from the main branches of the tree. The sweet cherry then produces its fruit on short spurs and at the base of longer one-year-old twigs. Remem- ber that weak spurs with few axillary fruit-buds are the result of insufficient pruning which leaves too many branch buds. Remember that a few new spurs should be developed each year to take the place of older ones. Remember that these new spurs are the result of prun- ing, sufficiently severe to force the growth of new shoots which develop not only axillary fruit-buds, but axil- lary branch-buds. The growth of fruit- ing wood throughout the entire top may be encouraged by such heading-in and thinning-out as will force new growth in the center of the tree. If we neglect to watch this feature, we some day awake to the fact that all of our fruit is a long way from the ground and must be gathered with long ladders and at a heavy expense. Also remember that the sweet-cherry bud produces only flowers and that the fruits developed are, to a c